反照

The scattering and reflection of light by clouds are studied by scalar radiative transfer theory. The plane albedos and bidirectional reflectance of clouds are given. The influences of clouds types, clouds thickness and liquid water content on the light scattering characteristics of clouds are discussed.

利用标量辐射传输理论，计算了云层对光波的反射与透射，给出了云层的平面反照率和双向反射函数；讨论了大气云层不同的类型、厚度及液态含水量对阳光散射强度的影响。

Based on these studies, sea ice variations were combined with global climate change. The research fields about sea ice includes: the physical properties and processes of sea ice, together with snow cover, the ecosystem of sea ice regions, albedos of sea ice and its snow cover, mass balance of sea ice regions, sea ice and climate coupled model.

这些研究领域主要有：海冰及其表层雪的物理特性和过程、海冰区域生态特征、海冰区与气候相关的反照率和物质平衡研究以及海冰气候耦合模型等大的领域。

Based on the Lorentz-Mie theory, the single scattering characteristics of multi-dispersed spherical and multi-layered spherical particles are studied. The extinction coefficients, scattering coefficients, single albedos, single scattering phase functions and asymmetry factors of different clouds are presented. Numerical results for single scattering of spherical and non-spherical particles are obtained in the approximation of geometrical optics. The single scattering phase matrixes of non-spherical aerosols are calculated by using the T matrix method.

基于洛伦茨-米理论研究了服从一定尺寸分布的球形和多层球形粒子的单次散射特性，计算了各种不同类型云层的消光系数、散射系数、单次散射反照率、单次散射相函数以及不对称因子；利用几何光学方法计算了球形、非球形粒子的单次散射特性；利用T矩阵方法计算了非球形气溶胶的单次散射相矩阵。

By using of the data of atmospheric turbidity and surface radiation observed at Zhangye and Desert stations in HEIFE area during the period from the third decade of February to the second decade of May in 1991, together with the data obtained from NOAA\|11 satellite overpassing this area at the same time, we estimate single scattering albedo (\%ω\% 0 ) and fraction of optical depth \%\[k(τλ=8~10 /τλ=0.55 \%)\] of atmospheric dust aerosols, by employed the radiative model in ...

利用 1991年 2月下旬～ 5月中旬HEIFE张掖和沙漠站的大气浑浊度观测、地面辐射观测及同期卫星资料，借助NCARCCM 3中的辐射模式CRM ，模拟估算了我国西北大气沙尘气溶胶的部分光学参数，单次散射反照率(ω0 )和光学厚度比 [k(τλ=8～ 14 /τλ=0 。55) ]。计算结果表明，清洁天ω0 和kτλ=8～ 14 /(τλ=0 。55在沙漠和绿洲均为 0 。94和 0 。1；浑浊天ω0 在绿洲为 0 。90 ，沙漠为 0 。84 ；k(τλ=8～ 14 /τλ=0 。55)在绿洲为 0 。3 ，沙漠为 0 。4。在气候模式中，可将我国西部沙尘源区大气沙尘的ω0 和k(τλ=8～ 14 /τλ=0 。55)分别取为 0 。88和 0 。3。

The history really on likely at the same time may reflect all mirrors, we may see our humanity once possessed the past, even might also indistinctly see the entire our humanity's tomorrow; From a page of page history book, the editing ancestors' record and the trail, may link up a sublime distant time picture scroll, enables us to be possible to understand clearly the entire humanity to arrive present from the ancient times each to frame the picture many, in which impression is not between humanity's peaceful coexistence, but was between the humanity approaches the ceaseless rank smell of blood war, until now, the war and the terrorism still wreaked havoc in world certain quoins, the militarily significant states and the extremism still stick to one's own way of doing things, they thoroughly realize the world peace now, biggest barrier and stumbling obstacle!

历史真的就像一面可以反照一切的镜子，从中我们可以看到我们人类曾经所有过去，甚至还可以隐约地看到整个我们人类的明天；从一页页历史书中，剪辑先人的记述和足迹，就可以连贯成一幅壮美悠远的时光画卷，让我们可以洞悉整个人类从远古走到现在的每一个定格画面，其中印象最多的不是人类之间的和平共处，而是人类之间近乎无休无止的血腥战争，直到现在，战争和恐怖主义依然肆虐在世界的某些角落，军事大国与极端主义仍旧我行我素，它们是当今彻底实现世界和平的，最大的障碍和绊脚石！

But as soon as he skims from the surface the last of the dross, and sees his own face reflected, he puts out the fire.

他把最后的渣滓从面上撇去；一看见他自己的脸从其上反照出来，他就立刻把炉火熄灭。

They found that in regions where the amount of snowfall was low and any snow that did settle was sublimating away, enough dust would have accumulated to change the surface albedo sufficiently so that the Earth absorbed sunlight and thawed ( Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres , DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012007, in press).

他们发现在雪量少或者发生落雪升华的地区，积累了足够的灰尘就可以充分改变地表的星体反照率，这样地球就吸收阳光并解冻了（摘自《地球物理学研究——气象学》DOI： 10.1029/2009jd012007）。

The nostril sent out slight"Mao Mao" voice, slightly and slightly uncover of the lips rear the carriage of a threat, those two Liao tooths reflect in the ripples of water under deeply miserably green ray of light

鼻孔间发出了轻微的&咝咝&声，略略掀开的嘴唇显露出威胁的姿态，那两颗獠牙在水波反照下透出惨青的光芒

Judge clouds' effect on solar radiation by satellite cloud map gray scale values, therefore establish and confirm the relationship between them. Roughly acquire optical depth of clear sky and clouds from radiation station data and routine meteorological data of land surface, and the study the relationship between clouds' physical character and radiation....

通过卫星云图的计数值来判断云对辐射的作用，以此建立起它们之间的关系；利用地面观测资料和常规资料来粗略求取晴空大气和云光学厚度，进而研究云的物理属性与辐射关系；简单的获取地表与近地面大气之间的辐射关系，以此估算地表的反照率，和地表的净辐射；分析了卫星可见光、红外及水汽云图计数值和地面辐射之间关系，利用辐射传输公式来推倒和分析云对辐射的关系，试图建立起卫星测值与地表总辐射和净辐射之间的关系，并将晴空和有云的个例分开，分别建立并选出最佳模式，以此来估算地表的净辐射和总辐射。

A zero-dimensional stochastic-dynamic climate model has been suggested.

假定行星反照率为温度的平方关系，导出了零维随机动力气候模式。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。