反托拉斯法

The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, the foundation of America's competition policy, was partly a response to complaints by small firms that larger rivals wanted to drive them out of business.

美国竞争政策的基石，1890年谢尔曼反托拉斯法，其制订的部分原因就是回应小企业控告遭受大企业排挤以致破产。

The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, the foundation of America's competition policy, was partly a response to complaints by small firms that larger rivals wanted to drive them out of business.

早在1890年，被奉为美国竞争政策基石的谢尔曼反托拉斯法，就曾在小企业饱受大企业排挤的抱怨声浪中一度挥拳出击。

The government began to enact regulations and antitrust laws to counter the worst excesses of big business. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was created to prevent corporate trusts, monopoly enterprises formed to reduce competition and allow essentially a single business firm to control the price of a product. Laws such as the Fair Labor Standards Act, enacted in 1938, mandated worker protections, including the maximun 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek.

政府陆续通过了有关条例和反托拉斯法律，制约大公司无节制的发展。1890年通过的雪曼反托拉斯法案，防止了大型托拉斯的出现，这种托拉斯是一种垄断性企业，旨在减少竞争，把产品的价格置于一家公司的控制之下。1938年通过的公平劳动标准法，规定了对工人的保护措施，包括每天8小时和每周40小时的最高工作时数的规定。

To restrict tying, the rule of patent misuse, Sherman Act, Clayton Act, 1995 Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property are often used in USA. EU Guidelines on the Application of Article 81 of the EC Treaty to Technology Transfer Agreements (2004/C 101/02) analyzes the restrictive effect of tying, the effect of giving rise to efficiency gains and the pro-competitive effect.

搭售的法律规制，在美国有专利权滥用原则、《谢尔曼法》、《克莱顿法》、美国1995年《知识产权许可反托拉斯指南》；欧共体2004年《关于对技术转让协议适用欧共体条约第81条的指南(2004/C 101/02)》分析了搭售的限制性效果、提高效率的效果和促进竞争的效果。

To restrict tying,the rule of patent misuse, Sherman Act,Clayton Act,1995 Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property are often used in USA.E...

搭售的法律规制，在美国有专利权滥用原则、《谢尔曼法》、《克莱顿法》、美国1995年《知识产权许可反托拉斯指南》；欧共体2004年《关于对技术转让协议适用欧共体条约第81条的指南(2004/C101/02)》分析了搭售的限制性效果、提高效率的效果和促进竞争的效果。

NYSE: BMS, today announced that it is involved in discussions with the staff of the Department of Justice regarding their review, under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, of Bemis' pending acquisition of the Food Americas operations of Alcan Packaging, a business unit of international mining group Rio Tinto plc (LON: RIO; ASX: RIO).

比米斯公司（纽约证券交易所代码：拜耳）今天宣布，它参与同司法部进行审查的工作人员就正在讨论的哈特，一斯科特一罗迪诺反托拉斯改进法1976年比米斯'待收购美国的食品加铝包装业务，对国际矿业集团力拓集团的业务部门（伦敦股票交易所：里约热内卢，澳大利亚证券交易所代码：RIO）的。

The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was created to prevent corporate trusts, monopoly enterprises formed to reduce competition and allow essentially a single business firm to control the price of a product. Laws such as the Fair Labor Standards Act, enacted in 1938, mandated worker protections, including the maximun 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek.

为防止企业托拉斯，1890年，颁布了谢尔曼反托拉斯法规，以防止大公司垄断，及一个公司控制某一产品价格。1938年颁布的公平工作标准法，保护了工人的权益，内容包括每天工作时间不能超过8小时，每周工作时间不能超过40小时。

Antitrust laws ... are the Magna Carta of free enterprise.

《反托拉斯法》-------在自由的企业制度中是位受欢迎者。

Low prices are one of the fruits of competition: penalising business giants for price cuts would be perverse.

美国第一部有关商业竞争的法案-1890年通过的谢尔曼反托拉斯法是对于小公司抱怨大型竞争对手试图将他们挤出商界的一种回应。

Industrialisation and unionisation led to an era between the 1890s and early 1920s that brought antitrust laws, regulation of interstate commerce, income tax and the regulation of food and drug quality.

工业化和统一化把美国在19世纪90年代到20世纪20年代早期带入了一个前所未有的时代，这个时代产生了反托拉斯法、对州际商业的调控、所得税的征收以及对食品药品质量的监管。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。