反怀疑论

Represented by Bloor who takes Paradox rules on the conduct of the suspected interpretation,SSK in a suspected interpretation thinks that the community assumpsit and benefits decide the consistency of action and rules.

SSK以布鲁尔为代表对规则悖论进行了怀疑式的解读，认为社会约定和利益决定了规则和行动的一致性；而后SSK以林奇为代表对规则悖论进行了反怀疑论的解读，认为规则内在

paradox rule is no.201 item of wittgenstein's philosophical research which focuses on the relationship between the rule and the action. represented by bloor who takes paradox rules on the conduct of the suspected interpretation,ssk in a suspected interpretation thinks that the community assumpsit and benefits decide the consistency of action and rules. while represented by lynch who takes paradox rules on the conduct of the anti-interpretation of skepticism,post-ssk thinks that the rule is inherent of practice.

摘 要：规则悖论是维特根斯坦《哲学研究》的第二百零一条，主要讨论规则和行动的关系问题。ssk以布鲁尔为代表对规则悖论进行了怀疑式的解读，认为社会约定和利益决定了规则和行动的一致性；而后ssk以林奇为代表对规则悖论进行了反怀疑论的解读，认为规则内在于实践。

It is notable that all of the main anti-skeptical accounts that we have discussed so far have tended to side with externalism.

注意到，迄今我们所讨论到的所有反怀疑论说明，都和外在论站在一边。

Instead, it would seem that we want some sort of subjective assurance as regards our knowledge that externalist anti-skeptical accounts are not in a position to provide.

相反，似乎我们需要一些关涉我们知道的主体性确信，而这些是外在论反怀疑论的说明所处情况所无法提供的。

The worry here is that there is always going to be something intellectually unsatisfactory about an antiskeptical proposal that is run along epistemologically externalist lines.18

18下面我们会在怀疑论争论中更为细节地考察认识论外在论和内在论的角色，因为它提出了一些议题，影响了所有的反怀疑论策略，无论是否支持闭合原则。

In general, although the point is not always put in these terms, the complaint is that these recent anti-skeptical approaches offer us, at best, an epistemologically externalist response to skepticism when what we wanted was one that functioned within an epistemologically internalist framework.

一般来说（尽管这个关键点通常不是这样提出的），对这些最近的反怀疑论进路的抱怨是，这些至多是对怀疑论的认识上的外在论回应『 epistemologically externalist response 』，而我们所需要的是要在认识上的内在论框架『 epistemologically internalist framework 』内起作用的回应。

If this element of the theory could be called into question then this would suffice to scupper the diagnostic component of the theory and thus drastically reduce its plausibility as an anti-skeptical thesis.

如果这个元素可以被纳入问题，那么这会足以引出这个理论的诊断成分成为有问题的，于是彻底减少其反怀疑论上的合理性。

Stroud's use of this thesis for anti-skeptical purposes is novel.

Stroud用这个论点来反怀疑论是比较奇怪的。

Let me now turn to the second way in which Stroud explains the anti-skeptical significance of the Truth-Ascription Thesis.

现在我们转到Stroud对归真论点的反怀疑论意义的第二个解释上。

In so doing, we will be setting aside concerns discussed by Anthony Brueckner (1994b) and Stewart Cohen (1998c) that skeptical arguments might instead rest upon a different epistemic principle entirely, what they term an "underdetermination" principle.2 Relatedly, we will also be taking a very modern Cartesian understanding of the skeptical argument for granted, and therefore ignoring the emergence of renewed interest in classical Pyrrhonian skeptical arguments by such figures as Williams (1988b) and Robert Fogelin (1994).3 Finally, attention will be confined to those anti-skeptical theories of knowledge which are genuinely capable (given, of course, that they are correct) of meeting the skeptical challenge.

在这样做的时候，我们会把有些有关系的讨论放到一边，例如Anthony Brueckner (1994b)和 Stewart Cohen (1998c)所指出的怀疑论论证可以依赖于不同的认识论原则，他们称为&不确定性原则『&underdetermination& principle』&。[2]相关的，我们也会承认对怀疑论论证的笛卡尔式理解，因此忽略了出现的对古典Pyrrhonian怀疑论论证的重新关注，例如Williams (1988b)和 Robert Fogelin (1994)。[3]最后，也不会去关注这样的反怀疑论理论，这些真正能够和怀疑论挑战交锋。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。