反弯

In accordance with the Technical Specification for Steel Structure of Lightweight Buildings with Gabled Frames,the value and position of the extreme bending moment in the oblique beam of the portal frame as well as the contraflexure point are calculated and analyzed.

在门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构技术规程条件下，文章研究了门式刚架斜梁的极值弯矩与跨中截面的弯矩和位置之间的关系以及反弯点的区域，为简化门式刚架优化设计程序的编写提供了理论支持。

The main theorem of this paper is to, firstly, on the grounds of experience preliminarily estimate the parameter of the pavement nonlinear model, simulate the process with computer procedure, and check the result with the data collected in sit, then set the aim function and the superiority back-calculation method, if the function is not satisfied, it is to the method adjust the parameter and make the model impend the actuality, If the function is satisfied, it is to end the process, and record the stress, deformation, displacement and the parameter as the actual condition.

本文分析的主要原理：首先根据经验，初估路面结构层应力应变非线性参数，利用计算机程序模拟承载板试验测回弹弯沉的过程，通过现场实测的弯沉数据来检核该模拟过程的真实性，设定目标函数，选定适当的优化反算方法，当目标函数不满足时，即利用该优化反算方法调整本构模型参数，使得模型能够逐步向真实解逼近，当目标函数得到满足时，则认为此时反算得到的路面结构层的应力、应变、位移场为真实的应力、应变、位移场，所推算得到的非线性应力应变模型为真实的路面结构层应力应变模型。

The head loss coefficient of down inlet linear transition is less than tortile transition and those above of outlet almost same.

设计流量下进口直线扭曲面型渐变段的水头损失系数小于反弯扭曲面型渐变段的水头损失系数，出口直线扭曲面型渐变段的水头损失系数与反弯扭曲面型渐变段的水头损失系数基本相同。

For serviceability, the displaced shape, which storey drift ratio of the floor level at point of contraflexure on the initial mode of lateral displacement is equal to limit of the storey drift ratio, may be seen as target displacement mode. Based on the target displacement mode of frame- shear wall structure in the serviceability performance level, the equivalent parameter can be obtained.

对于使用良好性能水平，将侧移曲线上反弯点对应的楼层处的层间位移角刚好达到相应限值时的侧移曲线作为目标侧移曲线，据此计算等效单自由度体系的等效参数以及原结构的基底剪力和各质点的水平地震作用。

According to the testing deflection basins measured using Falling Weight Deflectometer of semi-rigid pavement on the experiment pavement, the structure layer moduli of asphalt pavement is backcalculated according to the principle of system identification method.

利用落锤式弯沉仪在实验路段的实测弯沉数据，采用系统识别方法对沥青路面结构层模量进行了反算，进而分析了沥青路面弯沉及反算模量与其代表温度之间的相关关系，并建立了相应的温度修正公式。

This member model consists of isolating macroscopic member element into three subelements, namely spread plastic beam subelement, joint slip subelement and shear subelement, and thus the stiffness matrix of the frame member element can be easily constructed by calculating the fl...

该单元模型能够考虑非线性变形随复杂加载历史在端部关键受力区域的逐步扩展和反弯点位置的移动，整个推导过程力学概念明确，所获得的柔度矩阵为对称矩阵，便于数值计算。

The front axle is made by traditional recurving I- beam , the second grade fall , with simple manufacturing technique .

前轴采用传统的反弯工字梁，二级落差，经过调质不必进行喷丸处理，制造工艺简单；合理搭配前轮定位关系，使结构紧凑，线条流畅，利于转向操作时轻便灵敏。

In this thesis, the influence of column force, joint hoop reinforcement, and repeat load on the stress and sheer bearing capability of inclined pressure bar is analyzed utilizing finite element software. In the case study, the column axial force's influence on the inclined pressure bar's equivalent width, stress and sheer bearing capability of RCFEN is obtained by changing the column force when modeling the RCFEN with ANSYS. In the former model, the joint hoop reinforcement influence on the equivalent width inclined pressure bar and the strength of RCFEN is achieved by changing the quantity of joint hoop reinforcement; the inclined pressure bar's equivalent width and the strength variation of RCFEN under cyclic load are gained by applying low frequency cyclic load on the inflection point of column and the middle of beam.

针对上述算例中的框架外节点采用ANSYS进行建模，运用有限元软件分析了柱轴力、节点箍筋、反复荷载对外节点斜压杆承载力、抗剪承载力的影响：改变柱轴力，研究了柱轴力对斜压杆的等效宽度、框架外节点斜压杆承载力、框架外节点斜压杆抗剪承载力的影响；在上述模型中，改变节点箍筋的数量，分析了节点箍筋对斜压杆的等效宽度、框架外节点强度的影响；在上述模型中，在柱反弯点和梁中点均进行低周反复加载，讨论了在反复荷载作用下，框架外节点的斜压杆的等效宽度、框架外节点强度的变化情况。

The program can be used to track the limit load and flex point of space structure, can take structural imperfection into consideration, gets the buckling model and vibration model of three-dimension steel structure, analyzes the elastic-plastic status or stress distributing of any intersection and any point and draws the nephogram of stress distributing, the hysteretic line subjected to cyclic load and local buckling deformation.

本软件能够跟踪分析任意空间结构中各种反弯点和极限荷载、并能够考虑结构的缺陷分布影响、求解三维空间钢结构屈曲模态和振动模态。进而分析钢构件任意截面、任意点的应力分布及塑性屈服状态，绘制截面的应力分布云图及循环荷载下的滞回曲线，绘制钢构件的局部屈曲变形图。

It shows that the stability of continuous purlins is controlled by bottom flange in middle span within wind suction.

分析结果表明连续檩条的稳定验算由风吸力作用下跨中下翼缘反弯点之间的受压区控制。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。