反式

The influence of microwave radiation on Ullmann reaction has been investigated by three Ullmann reactions, including triphenylamine formed by treating the diphenylamine with bromobenzene or Chlorobenzene which substitutes Iodobenzene; 4,4\'-dimethyltriphenylamine formed by treating 4,4\'-dimethyldiphenylamine with bromobenzene which substitutes Iodobenzene; 4,4\',4-trinitrotriphenylamine formed by treating 4-chloronitrobenzene with p-nitroaniline in this paper.

实验表明，在微波辐射条件下，顺式比反式迈克尔反应活性高；若在丁烯二酸的双键上引入甲基后，降低了进行迈克尔加成反应的活性；引入酯基对双键的影响比腈基有利于进行迈克尔反应，丙烯酸甲酯较丙烯腈的迈克尔反应活性高。

In addition, a benzene, toluene (0.32%), was also detected in 80% ripening fruit. In 90% ripening fruit were detected 27 kinds of aroma components belonging to 2 categories. Among the components, 17 were esters, and 10 alkenes. Of the 17 esters, methyl octanoate is the highest (21.00%), followed by ethyl hexanoate (17.64%), methyl hexanoate (14.34%). Of the 10 alkenes cis-β-ocimene is the highest (1.00%), followed by à-copaene (0.81%) and trans-ocimene (0.48%).

在9成熟果实中检测到2类共27种香气成分，分别是酯类17种和烯类10种；在酯类中，相对含量最高的是辛酸甲酯(25.27%)，其次是辛酸乙酯(21.00%)、己酸乙酯(17.64%)、己酸甲酯(14.34%)；在烯类中相对含量较高的有β-顺式－罗勒烯(1.00%)、à-蒎烯(0.81%)和反式－罗勒烯(0.48%)。

If the nitrogen of these imino acids is involved in the peptide bond, the adjacent amino acid side chains are cis instead of showing the usual trans configuration, resulting in destabilization of an α- helix.

如果这些亚氨基酸中的氮进入肽链，那么邻近的氨基酸侧链是顺式的而不表现出通常的反式的构象，就导致了α-螺旋结构的不稳定。

Leaf oil of Litsea cubeba:α-cis-ocimene,-3, 7-dimethyl-1, 6-octadien-3-ol and n-trans-nerolidol

山苍子叶油：α-顺式罗勒烯、3，7-二甲基-1，6-辛二烯醇-3、正-反式橙花椒醇

The magnetic single-domain in the device can be transformated and controlled under an electric field due to the converse magnetoelectric effect.

藉由反式磁电效应，在该镍-锆钛酸铅的薄膜式磁电装置中的单一磁区可以被此外加电场良好地控制其磁区式样的变形过程。

Oxalyl fluoride neutral molecule ; trans-configuration ; cis-configuration ; density function theory; stability ; frequency analysis

草酰氟分子；平面反式构型；顺式构型；密度泛函；稳定性；频率分析

Finally, the cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of the oxamido-bridged binuclear complexes were studied in vitro.. This dissertation consists of three sections as follows:1. The crystal structure of a oxamide dinitrate,(1) [H_4dmaeoxd](NO_3)_2 H_2dmaeoxd = N,N\'-bis[2-ethyloxamide, has been obtained. The diversity of complexes with different structures is carried out by successful synthetic strategy of controlling species of metal ions, counter anions, pH values and solvents in the course of synthesis. Four dinuclear complexes bridged by trans-dmaeoxd2-: [Cu_2_2](ClO_4)_2 (2), [Cu_2_2](ClO_4)_2 (3),、[Cu_2(Me_2phen)_2](ClO_4)_2 (4), [Cu_2_2(H_2O)_2] (5); Four dinuclear complexes bridged by cis-dmaeoxd2-: [NiNi_2](ClO_4)_2 (6), [CuNi_2](ClO_4)_2·2CH_3OH (7), [CuZn_2]-(ClO_4)_2·2H_2O (8), [Cu(H_2O)Ni_2](ClO_4)_2.0.5CH_3OH (9); three 1-D polynuclear complexes: [Cu_2]_n·nH_2O (10), [Cu_2(H_2O)_2-]_n·4nH_2O (11), [Cu_2(H_2O)]_n(NO_3)_n·2nH_2O (12); one 2-D polynuclear complex,[Cu_6_3(μ_3-OH)_2(H_2O)_2]_n(ClO_4)_(4n).2nH_2O (13); the others: [VO(H_2O)]·2H_2O (14), [Zn_2_4](ClO_4)_2·H_2O (15), [Cu_2]·2DCM (16) have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectra.

本论文主要包括以下三部分：一、合成得到了一个草酰胺配体硝酸盐的单晶结构，[H_4dmaeoxd](NO_3)_2 (1)；通过调控金属离子的种类、端基配体、抗衡阴离子、溶剂、pH值等条件定向合成了四个反式草酰胺桥联双核铜配合物：[Cu_2_2](ClO_4)_2 (2)、[Cu_2_2](ClO_4)_2 (3)、、[Cu_2(Me_2phen)_2](ClO_4)_2 (4)、[Cu_2_2(H_2O)_2] (5)；四个顺式草酰胺桥联同/异双核配合物：[NiNi_2](ClO_4)_2 (6)、[CuNi_2](ClO_4)_2·2CH_3OH (7)、[CuZn_2]-(ClO_4)_2·2H_2O (8)、[Cu(H_2O)Ni_2](ClO_4)_2.0.5CH_3OH (9)；三个一维聚合物： [Cu_2]_n·nH_2O (10)、[Cu_2(H_2O)_2-]_n·4nH_2O (11)、[Cu_2(H_2O)]_n(NO_3)_n·2nH_2O (12)；一个二维聚合物： [Cu_6_3(μ_3-OH)_2(H_2O)_2]_n(ClO_4)_(4n)。2nH_2O (13)；单核钒配合物[VO(H_2O)]·2H_2O (14)、草酸根桥联双核锌配合物[Zn_2_4](ClO_4)_2·H_2O (15)、美洛西康铜配合物[Cu_2]·2DCM (16)，利用元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、电子光谱和单晶X-射线衍射对上述所得化合物进行了结构表征，探讨了结构影响因素，并研究了其超分子结构。

Optical control of the primary step of photoisomerization of the retinal molecule in bacteriorhodopsin from the all-trans to the 13-cis state was demonstrated under weak field conditions (where only 1 of 300 retinal molecules absorbs a photon during the excitation cycle) that are relevant to understanding biological processes.

在弱场条件下（整个兴奋周期中，300个视黄醛分子中只有一个吸收光子），细菌视紫红质中视黄醛分子的从全反式到13－顺式状态的光致异构化的最初阶段的光学控制被阐明，这与生物学过程的理解有关。

Peptidyl-prolyl cis/ trans isomerization is of considerable biological significance and prolyl residue plays an important role in the final structure of proteins.

由分辨率。25nm，同一性0％的2401条肽链中计算提取了全部顺式与反式脯氨酸肽键的位置，数目分别为1221个与26401个，从而建立了一个较大规模的脯氨酸肽键数据集。

The number of cis prolyl peptide bonds is 1221 and that of trans prolyl peptide bonds is 26401. Some characters of the dataset were analyzed, including the distribution of the residues of the peptide bonds'N-terminal, the statistic of dihedral angel, the distribution of cis peptide bonds in different secondary structure, the proportion of cis peptide bonds.

由分辨率小于0.25nm，同一性小于30％的2401条肽链中计算提取了全部顺式与反式脯氨酸肽键的位置，数目分别为1221个与26401个，从而建立了一个较大规模的脯氨酸肽键数据集。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。