反应速率

The reaction mechanism between nickel ion and butynediols in the electroless plating process was analyzed. The results show that the change of BOZ concentration is a quasi first-order reaction, the change of the nickel ion concentration is related to the BOZ density, and this change belongs to a higher order reaction. The reaction rate equation was determined as dC/dt=-8.585×10^(-4)+1.188×10^(-4)t-4.64×10^(-6)t^2+5.8×10^(-8)t^3-2.3×10^(-11)t^4. The activation energy of this process decreases as temperature increases, and it decreases with the BOZ concentration as 64-423 mg/L, it increases with the BOZ concentration as 123~240 mg/L. The S value is positively correlated to temperature, when the temperature is 80℃, the reaction rate and S value are the largest; while when the temperature is above 80℃ and BOZ concentration is over 160 mg/L, S value and the reaction rate decrease gradually.

结果表明，镀液中BOZ浓度的变化是准一级反应，镍离子的浓度变化与BOZ的浓度有关，属多级反应，其反应速率方程为dC/dt=-8.585×10^(-4)+1.188×10^(-4)t-4.64×10^(-6)t^2+5.8×10^(-8)t^3-2.3×10^(-11)t^4，反应体系的活化能E随温度的升高而减少，随BOZ浓度的变化而变化：当BOZ浓度在64~123mg/L时，E线性减少；在123~240mg/L时E线性增加。S随温度的升高而增加，当温度达到80℃时S值最大，反应速度最大；当温度超过80℃，BOZ浓度大于160mg/L时，蝎的值逐渐减少，反应速度降低。

The results show that during bioleaching the chalcocite decom posed by two stages, the stageⅠis controlled by the concentration of ferric, with the increase of ferric concentration the oxidation rate of chalcocite is enhanced. The rate of stageⅡis slower than that of the stageⅠand it acts as the confining stage, and the concentration ratio of ferric to ferrous influences the oxidation rate at this stage.

计算与实验结果表明：模型仿真结果与实际结果较符合；堆浸过程次生硫化铜矿的氧化分为2个阶段，其中，辉铜矿反应步骤Ⅰ受溶液Fe3+浓度控制，随着Fe3+浓度增加，反应速率加快；反应步骤Ⅱ较反应步骤Ⅰ慢，为浸出反应的限制性步骤， Fe3+与Fe2+的浓度比是影响该反应步骤的关键因素。

The activation energy and rate constant of the allylation reaction was calculated in virtue of kinetic study.

进行了动力学研究，获得了反应活化能和各反应温度下的反应速率常数，同时研究结果表明烯丙基化反应级数为2，反应机理为S(来源：A16BC论文网www.abclunwen.com)N2 亲核取代反应。

Finally, SO2 removal efficiency empirical equation in the scope of experimental condition is gained from the result of uniform experiments by means of stepwise regression analysis.3. Under the basis of the experimental results in lab, crossflow packed-bed absorber for additional experiment is designed according to experience. The dimension of packed-bed absorber is fixed and flooding gas speed of absorber is checkouted. At the same time, calandria liquid distributor is designed. The efficiency of flue gas desulfurization by scrap iron is investigated in the additional equipment. Under th

为了更好的掌握脱硫工艺的过程规律，根据脱硫工艺涉及的Fe浓度范围，选用NaHso3作为反应物质，全面研究10一6M、阵扭l：IM范围内Fe液相催化氧化s反应动力学，将Fe浓度分为两个范围对实验结果加以讨论，确定HSO3一和Fe的反应级数，调查离子强度和温度对反应速率常数的影响；并结合研究者提出的自由基机理和反应历程，分析反应机理，解释动力学规律。

The influences of polymerization conditions such as the dosage of cyanobenzene, catalyst, co-catalyst and polymerization temperature on the polymerization (gelation time and monomer conversion) and the swelling value of PDCPD were investigated.

考察了主要反应条件如苯甲腈的用量、聚合反应温度、主催化剂的用量和助催化剂的用量等对聚合反应速率、聚合反应转化率和PDCPD膨胀值的影响，并得到了最优的聚合反应条件：苯甲腈与WCl_6的摩尔比为3，聚合反应温度为70℃，DCPD与WCl_6的摩尔比为1500，Et_2AlCl与WCl_6的摩尔比为11。

The rate constant of thereaction of pyrocatichol with organic peroxyl radicals is about 1～2 orders higher thanits reaction with superoxide anion radical.

邻苯二酚与有机过氧自由基的反应速率要比与超氧阴离子自由基的反应速率高1～2个数量级。

The maximal reaction rate of pyrotechnical reagent with potassium nitrate added with CuO by mixing method is 7.38 min-1, which is 1.30 times of that without catalyst. The time to maximal rate is 53.55 min, which is lower than that without catalyst by 66.3%.

氧化铜对含硝酸钾的烟火药剂具有催化作用，混合法添加的催化效果最佳；此药剂最大反应速率为7.38 min-1，是不含催化剂药剂的1.30倍；到达最大反应速率时间为53.55 min，比不含催化剂的药剂降低了66.3%。

The maximal reaction rate of pyrotechnical reagent with potassium perchlorate added with Fe2O3 by crystallization method is 8.10 min-1, which is 4.09 times of that without catalyst. The time to maximal rate is 8.52 min, which is lower than that without catalyst by 92.8%. It was also found that CuO can catalyze pyrotechnical reagent with potassium nitrate, and the addition is better with mixing method.

结果表明，氧化铁对含高氯酸钾的烟火药剂具有催化作用，以结晶添加法催化效果最佳；此药剂的最大反应速率为8.10 min-1，是不含催化剂药剂的4.09倍；到达最大反应速率时间为8.52 min，比不含催化剂的药剂降低了92.8%。

The infection of the reaction rate of the virous monomers was reviewed respectively by the different THF dosage, TMEDA dosage, t-BuOK dosage, t-AmOK dosage and different temperature. The monomers apparent reaction rate constant was obtained.And the polymer composition at different conversion was reviewed, too.The effect of modifier and temperature on heat effect was also studied. In addition, the sequence structure and microstructure of the terpolymer was reviewed at different modifier dosage, and the structure was characterized by the ~1H—NMR.

分别考察了不同THF、TMEDA、t-BuOK、t-AmOK加入量以及聚合温度对各单体及总的反应速率的影响规律，得到了各单体及总的表观反应速率常数，求得了不同转化率下各单体在共聚物中的分布情况，同时考察了调节剂加入量对聚合温升热效应的影响规律；研究了在三种聚合体系下，通过~1H—NMR对共聚物的结构进行了表征，分别考察了不同调节剂加入量对共聚物的序列结构及微观结构的影响规律。

The experiments for determining the reaction kinetics of Daqing atmospheric residue were performed in a continuous flow, expanded bed rector. Four-lumped reaction kinetic model was developed to account for various feed and product fractions of Daqing atmospheric residue (gases, gas oil, residue and coke). The amounts of olefins and alkyls in the gas products were further analyzed to determine reaction kinetics of gas product distributions. Hence, a combined five-lumped reaction kinetic model was obtained for catalytic pyrolysis of Daqing atmospheric residue. The kinetic constants both in four-lump model and five-lump model were evaluated. A simulator for catalytic pyrolysis process was developed by incorporating the five-lumped kinetic model into the hydrodynamic flow model.

其次利用改进的固定流化床装置考察大庆常压渣油催化裂解反应规律，筛选反应工艺参数；分析了催化裂解工艺存在的主要化学反应类型，提出了渣油一次反应和二次反应网络图；将反应原料油作为单独集总组分，而将产品中的轻质油、气体、焦炭分别作为集总，从而建立了四集总动力学模型；在此基础上，把气体产物中的目的产物低碳烯烃独立划分，得到五集总动力学模型；采用最小二乘法分析实验数据，分别得到四集总动力学模型和五集总动力学模型中各集总间相互反应转化的反应速率常数。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。