反应装置

ResultsMacroscopic examination showed no excrescence,thrombus formation,arm fractures and corrosion.The devices were covered with collagen fibrosis and discrete endocardial cells,apparent inflammatory infiltration in the devices and around the devices 1 month after implantation.The implants were nearly endothelialized,while the inflammatory reaction relieved gradually,with myocardial cells ingrowth at the edges of the device 3 months after implantation.The devices were completely covered with endocardium and fibrous tissue.Moreover,endothelial cells could be found on the smooth microscrew adaptor.The inflammatory reaction diminished with a few chronic inflammatory cells existing.Neovascularization and lymphatic vessels ingrowth could be observed 6 months after implantation.

结果所有封堵装置表面均没有发现赘生物、血栓形成、支架发生断裂及被腐蚀；术后1个月，封堵装置表面被胶原纤维和散在内皮细胞所覆盖，大量炎症细胞浸润，封堵装置边缘有小灶性炎症细胞浸润；术后3个月，封堵装置表面几乎被内皮细胞所覆盖，炎症细胞较1个月时明显减少，封堵装置内见纤维化，封堵装置边缘心肌细胞浸入；术后6个月，封堵装置表面完全被心内膜和纤维组织所覆盖，伞尖表面光滑并有内皮细胞上爬，炎症反应明显消散，但仍有少量慢性炎症细胞存在，装置内有新生的血管、淋巴管长入。

On the other hand, after the reformation the unit specific energy consumption decreased 10 kilogram equal normal fuel oil per ton raw oil. In this paper, author analyse the principle and the advantages of the two stage riser fluidize catalytic cracking technology, where catalyst flow in relay and react in section, and short contact time and high c/o ratio. This paper propose a new method to calculate the catalyst circulation rate in each riser of a two stage riser fluidized catalytic crack unit and find out that the c/o ratio is lower than it should be by calculation use this method and give a suggestion to solve this problem.

本文从理论上分析两段提升管催化裂化技术的催化剂接力、分段反应、短反应时间和大剂油比特点的优越性，并对采用两段提升管技术后装置的生产状况进行核算，还提出了一种适用于两段提升管技术的计算各提升管中催化剂循环量的方法，通过计算分析出装置目前存在的第二提升管剂油比低的问题，并提出了改进建议。

The experiments for determining the mechanism and kinetics of catalytic pyrolysis reaction for a simple petroleum feedstock, were carried out in a batch micro-reactor using Daqing light gas oil. The results showed that carbonium and free radical reactions were the key reactions in catalytic pyrolysis. The carbonium ions were induced by catalytic reaction, whereas free radical reaction was predominantly due to thermal cracking.

首先在重油微反装置上考察大庆减压馏分油催化裂解反应产品分布，并将反应结果与相同温度范围内的热裂解反应相比较，二者的产品分布随温度等操作参数的变化规律明显不同，进而推断催化裂解反应过程为正碳离子反应机理和自由基反应机理并存；并建立了大庆减压馏分油催化裂解消失动力学模型，求得了化学反应速率常数。

Sulfur corrodible sites and their characteristics were introduced of the prefractionation system, air preheaters of heating furnace and product air coolers etc,and chlorine corrodible sites and their characteristics were also presented of the thermocouple casing tubes, product air coolers and fire arrestors of heating furnace etc in the catalytic reforming and diesel hydrogenated unit s.

介绍了中国石油哈尔滨石化公司催化重整及柴油加氢装置在预分馏系统、加热炉空气预热器、加氢装置反应产物空冷器等处易发生硫腐蚀和在预加氢热偶套管、加氢反应产物空冷器、加热炉阻火器等处易发生氯腐蚀的部位及其表现特征，指出装置在低温(不高于120℃)、含水、容易被堵塞的部位易形成HCl-H2S-H2O腐蚀体系，分析了腐蚀原因和介质来源，总结和提出了开好原油的电脱盐、采用脱氯技术、加强对加热炉的排烟温度控制和腐蚀介质的精制与净化、加大空冷器的注水量等针对性防腐经验和措施。

Overwet phenomenon, which is found in the DCFBS experimental research was discussed. The effect of overwet on the desulfurization efficiency and on steady operation of the units was analyzed. It is pointed that the overwet zone in the tower is not only the main desulfurization reaction zone, but also the main scaling zone. It plays an important role for the units operating stably with high-efficiency.

本文对DCFBS实验研究中发现的反应塔内的过湿现象，进行了分析与讨论，并研究了过湿现象对脱硫装置的脱硫效率和稳定运行的影响，指出脱硫塔内过湿区既是脱硫反应的主反应区，也是主要的结垢区，它对脱硫装置稳定高效运行起着重要作用。

The reaction results of the selective hydrogenation of MethylAcetyleneand Propadiene in C 3 distillate by catalytic distillation were investigated with randomlypacked structure of packingtype catalyst, the combined structure of sieve tray and packingtype catalyst as well as the structure with interlaced packing and ordinary catalyst.

考察了填料状催化剂散装结构、筛板填料状催化剂复合结构、规整填料与普通催化剂交错排列结构等用于C3 馏分中丙炔、丙二烯催化蒸馏选择加氢过程的反应效果，综合考虑催化剂制备的难易、工业装置长周期运转的必要性、传质对反应的影响等因素，推荐在工业装置上采用规整填料与催化剂交错排列结

Research on Design Theories and Methods of Unseating Prevention Devices Based on the seismic standard of China, the design theories of unseating prevention devices were presented, according to the response spectrum of random loading and the fortify intensity at expansion joints, the design method was put forward. In the light of the use of unseating prevention devices at home and abroad, the choice and methods for installation of the devices are introduced and compared.

4连梁装置设计理论与方法研究考虑场地土的不同地震动参数和桥梁等级的不同，在论文中引入桥梁地震荷载重要系数，并根据冲击荷载的反应谱，提出连梁装置的设计地震力力和位移计算方法；参照国内外的连梁装置设计使用的现状，介绍了多种类型连梁装置的选用及安装方法；对连梁装置缓冲部分不同的构造进行了试验。

The experiments for determining the reaction kinetics of Daqing atmospheric residue were performed in a continuous flow, expanded bed rector. Four-lumped reaction kinetic model was developed to account for various feed and product fractions of Daqing atmospheric residue (gases, gas oil, residue and coke). The amounts of olefins and alkyls in the gas products were further analyzed to determine reaction kinetics of gas product distributions. Hence, a combined five-lumped reaction kinetic model was obtained for catalytic pyrolysis of Daqing atmospheric residue. The kinetic constants both in four-lump model and five-lump model were evaluated. A simulator for catalytic pyrolysis process was developed by incorporating the five-lumped kinetic model into the hydrodynamic flow model.

其次利用改进的固定流化床装置考察大庆常压渣油催化裂解反应规律，筛选反应工艺参数；分析了催化裂解工艺存在的主要化学反应类型，提出了渣油一次反应和二次反应网络图；将反应原料油作为单独集总组分，而将产品中的轻质油、气体、焦炭分别作为集总，从而建立了四集总动力学模型；在此基础上，把气体产物中的目的产物低碳烯烃独立划分，得到五集总动力学模型；采用最小二乘法分析实验数据，分别得到四集总动力学模型和五集总动力学模型中各集总间相互反应转化的反应速率常数。

A method for making Bisphenol A with a purity of more than 99.7% by reacting phenol and acetone using an acid catalyst, separating a BPA-phenol adduct by crystallisation and removing phenol from the adduct, in which involves continuous suspension crystallisation with a total dwell time of more than 4 hours in at least 3 crystallisers, by cooling first to 50-70 C in two parallel crystallisers and then to 40-50 C in a third crystalliser connected in series with the first two.; A method for the production of Bisphenol A with a purity of more than 99.7%, by reacting phenol with acetone in presence of an acid catalyst, separating a BPA-phenol adduct from the product mixture by crystallisation, filtration and washing, and removing the phenol from the adduct, in which stage involves continuous suspension crystallisation in at least three crystallisers connected in such a way that the mixture is first cooled to 50-70 C in two crystallisers in parallel and then cooled to 40-50 C in a third crystalliser in series with the first two, the total residence time of the mixture over all crystallisers being more than 4 hours.

描述用于生产纯度大于99.7％的双酚例如，双酚A(BPA的方法，这种方法包含苯酚和丙酮在有酸性催化剂参与的情况下反应形成一个包含双酚的产物混合物；通过结晶、过滤和洗涤从该产物混合物中以双酚/苯酚复合物的形式除去至少一部分双酚以提供双酚A/苯酚复合物晶体；并且从双酚/苯酚复合物晶体中除去至少一部分的苯酚以提供纯度大于99.7％的双酚；其中结晶过程包括连续的混悬液结晶，并且是在至少三个结晶装置中进行的，装置的排列使得产物混合物首先在结晶过程的第一阶段在第一个结晶装置和并联的第二个结晶装置中被冷却到50至70℃的温度，随后在结晶过程的第二阶段在与第一和第二个结晶装置下游串联的第三个结晶装置中被冷却到40至50℃的温度，并且其中产物混合物在结晶过程中的总驻留时间在4小时以上。

In the course of educational experiment on the synthesis of non-ionic surfactant, in order to reduce the depletion on ethylene oxide and save experimental cost, an educational experimental device with the function of enduring highpressure and little reaction mass was constructed by refitting a 250mL high-pressure reactor. In order to verify the function of the experimental device, lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether was synthesized by it.

在非离子表面活性剂的合成教学实验中，为了减少环氧乙烷的消耗，节约实验成本，对250mL的高压反应釜进行了改造，筹建了一套耐高压反应物料量少的教学实验装置，并用此装置合成了十二醇聚氧乙烯醚，以验证此装置的性能。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。