反应装置

Main contributions and achievements are as follows:A general non-equilibrium rigorous model for RDP is developed in this thesis. Based on the pseudo-homogenous assumption, two main factors reaction and separation are de-coupled, and an RDP model with the same format as that for a traditional distillation process is established. To solve the model with a large number of algebraic equations, modified M-K equations with tri-diagonal matrix form are developed based on the improved Separation Efficiency Functions, which greatly increases the iteration efficiency. This thesis also develops a general reactive distillation dynamic model. Through splitting of the differential variables based on SEFS, large-scaled differential algebraic equations can be solved with the improved Gear's algorithm which makes the dynamic model suitable for the on-line application. A simulation platform for the control loop design and evaluation of RDP by introducing control system equations into the dynamic model is also developed.A lactic acid purification pilot-scale RDP is investigated.

论文对热点问题——反应精馏过程的建模与优化控制相关技术进行了深入的研究，取得了一系列成果：1、建立了反应精馏过程机理模型，基于拟均相假设，将反应和分离过程进行解耦，推导出反应精馏过程的非平衡级稳态模型和动态模型，通过引入推广的分离效率函数，对模型变量进行了合理划分，显著提高了模型求解效率；将动态模型和控制系统方程结合，建立了反应精馏过程控制系统研究的辅助工具。2、全面分析了乳酸提纯反应精馏新工艺试验装置，利用本文建立的过程机理模型，对该试验装置进行了稳态和动态性能分析及水力学核算；设计和分析了单边质量控制方案，比较了间接和直接物料平衡控制两种方案的控制性能。

Feeding can, output can and etching gas transmission system are connected on the reaction chamber, plate type positive and negative electrodes installed in parallel in the reaction chamber, with the negative pole connected with the water cooling device that connected with seal wave tube and the bottom of the reaction chamber actively, bottom of the water cooling device connecting with the vibrating source through vibrating shift lever, with the seal wave tube, vibrating shift lever and vibrating source on the bottom bracket that fastened to the bottom and installed on the oblique angle adjusting bracket.

本发明反应室上连接投料罐、出料罐和刻蚀气体输送系统，反应室内平行装有板式阳极和阴极，阴极与水冷装置连接，水冷装置通过密封波纹管与反应室底部活动连接，水冷装置底端通过振动转换杆连接振动源；密封波纹管、振动转换杆和振动源位于底架上，底架与反应室底部固定连接并安装于倾角调整支架上。

It comprises the body, cover and fixing piece, heating stove and temperature controller, magnetic driven pulsator and rotate speed controller, pressure testing device, safety device, valve, tube.

包括高压反应釜的釜体、釜盖和紧固件，加热炉及温度控制器，磁力驱动搅拌器和转速控制器，压力测量装置，安全防爆装置，用于取样和通气的阀门、管道，在反应釜内、外加装了一套或者多套内置式反应罐和/或外置式反应罐。

Study result suggest: The change of stock in RFCCU directly affect gasoline content. Gasoline content can be reduced through increasing the equilibrium activity of catalyst, controlling reaction level, increasing recirculating rate of gasoline and stability of gasoline level. Conclusions drawn from experiment is that optimization of operating condition has great effect on lowering olefine content of gasoline which can be reduced from 60% to 50%.Reducing reaction temperature is useful for lowering olefine content of gasoline, when the reaction temperature is raised, thermal cracking rate is higher than catalytic cracking rate, so that olefine content is increased. Raising catalyst-to-oil ratio is good for lowering olefine content. With conversion rate increased, the yield of LPG and coke is raised, the yield of gasoline is increased firstly and then decreased slightly, hydrogen transfer index is increased, so the olefine content is decreased.

研究结果表明：催化裂化装置的原料的变化直接影响到催化汽油的烯烃含量；可以通过优化催化装置的操作条件来降低催化汽油中的烯烃含量，其中通过提高催化剂平衡活性、控制反应深度、增加汽油回炼量、汽油深度稳定可以降低催化汽油烯烃含量，优化工艺条件对降低催化汽油烯烃含量有较大作用，汽油烯烃含量由60％降至50％左右；降低反应温度有利于降低催化汽油的烯烃含量，当反应温度的提高，热裂化反应速度提高的幅度大于催化裂化反应速度提高的幅度，汽油烯烃含量增加；剂油比的提高有利于降低催化汽油的烯烃含量，转化率提高，液化气产率提高，汽油收率先增加后略有下降，焦炭产率增加，氢转移反应指数提高，汽油烯烃含量下降；反应时间对产品分布及汽油烯烃含量有影响，增加提升管反应时间，液化汽、汽油产率提高，干气和焦炭产率增加。

This article way which introduces a fine variety through the sludge, after (the divine intervention EM original dew) invests the effective microorganism is loaded with domesticates the mature sludge and in the school area sanitary sewage SBR response installment, has conducted the preliminary study to school area sanitary sewage processing.

翻译成英语文章，谢谢！急！急！本文通过污泥引种的方式，将有效微生物投入装有驯化成熟后污泥和校区生活污水的SBR反应装置中，对校区生活污水处理进行了初步研究。

The process and kinetics of CH4 replacement from CH4 hydrate formed in sodium dodecyl sulfate system by using pressurized CO2 was observed with a self-designed device at temperatures of 271.2, 273.2 and 276.0 K and at pressures of 2.8, 3.25 MPa.

在自行设计的反应装置中考察了2.8MPa和3.25MPa压力下，温度271.2、273.2和276.0K时CO2气体置换十二烷基硫酸钠体系CH4水合物中CH4的置换过程。

The processes of CH4 recovery from CH4 hydrate formed in sodium dodecyl sulfate system and pure water system using pressurized CO2 were observed with self-designed device at temperatures ranging from 271.2 K to 276.0 K and at a constant pressure of 3.25 MPa.

本文在自行设计的反应装置中考察了3.25MPa压力下，温度271.2K，273.2K和276.0K时CO2气体置换十二烷基硫酸钠体系和纯水体系CH4水合物中CH4的置换过程。

This study carried out a lab tests on the whole process of CH4 recovery from CH4 hydrate formed in sodium dodecyl sulfate system and pure water system by using the pressurized CO2 in a selfdesigned device observed under a constant pressure of 3.25 MPa and the temperatures of 271.2 K, 273.2 K, and 276.0 K respectively.

在自行设计的反应装置中考察了3.25 MPa压力下，温度271.2 K、273.2 K和276.0 K时CO2气体置换十二烷基硫酸钠体系和纯水体系CH4水合物中CH4的置换过程。

The experiment is based on self-devised dilute acid hydrolysis device and takes corn straw as the raw material. The orthogonal test was used to optimize 4 factors, namely H2SO4 concentration, corn stover granularity, the melt salt catalyst species and concentration. The yield of oligosaccharide was used the index in the orthogonal test.

该文基于自行设计的高温高压反应装置，以玉米秸秆为原料，以还原糖得率为指标，采用正交实验设计对硫酸浓度、秸秆粉碎度及金属盐助催化剂种类与浓度四种水解条件进行了研究。

So the method could not be applied in cosmically industry.In allusion to the difficulties, this paper brings forward a brand new electrochemistry method for landfill leachate, makes a magnetism-electro reaction equipment, adopts low pressure, low frequency, periodic pulse electrolyse, almost conquers the polarization and passivation of the dissolubility metal pole.

针对如上困难，本文研究了一种新的垃圾渗滤液电化学处理方法，自制了磁—电水处理反应装置，采用低电压、低频率交变脉沖电源，较彻底地克服了可溶性电极的极化和钝化问题，并且采用磁场产生的特殊&磁搅拌&作用增强导电离子的选择性运动，从而更进一步提高了电解效率。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。