反应的

In the asymmetric hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate catalyzed by 0 5% Rh/PVP TiO 2, the chiral modifier cinchonidine not only induces the enantioselectivity, but also accelerates the reaction rate greatly.

研究了辛可尼定作手性修饰剂修饰的负载型纳米铑簇合物催化剂(0 5 %Rh/PVP TiO2 )催化丙酮酸乙酯不对称氢化反应，在该反应中手性修饰剂辛可尼定不仅具有对产物生成的手性诱导作用，而且对反应具有明显加速作用；在优化反应条件后，反应的TOF和对映选择性分别可以达到 5 8 0min-1和

The effects of various factors on the reaction were studied.It has been found that the optimum reaction conditions are that the amount of catalyst is 13.3% of the amount of cyclohexanol, the reaction time is 80 minutes and the reaction temperature is 200~210℃.

考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对脱水反应的影响，得出了其最佳的反应条件：催化剂用量为环己醇质量的13.3%，反应时间80 m in，油浴温度200~210℃。

The reaction time, reaction temperature and catalyst influencing on esterification were investigated, and the acid value, flashing point and other properties were determined.

考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂等反应条件对酯化反应的影响，并对增塑剂的酸值、闪点及其他主要性能指标进行了测定，改进了酯化反应工艺条件，讨论了样品色泽、酸值及闪点的影响因素。

In this work, we also presented some methods to determine kinetic parameters for the different systems and examplified by the reduction of thionyl chloride in dimethyl formamide.

根据我们提出的判定反应可逆性的方法，系统地对EE反应机理进行了探讨，从中可方便地判定EE反应的不同反应机理；对不同的反应机理，相应地又提出了测定其电极反应动力学参数的方法，并以亚硫酰氯的还原为例进行了研究及测定。

Content This course sets on the basis of the organic chemistry and introduces the fundamental principles and methods of organic synthesis by focusing on the classes of reactions such as halogenation, rearrangement, oxidation and reduction reaction.

课程内容：本课程建立在有机化学的基础上，着重介绍了有机合成的基本原理和方法，以反应类型为主线，如卤化反应，重排反应，氧化反应，还原反应等，在介绍一些经典的合成方法和试剂的同时，对一些较新型的试剂在合成中的应用以及反应的立体选择性和区域选择性进行了讨论。

The condensation reaction,in which the yield of intermediate product after refining process was more than 90%,used iso-butylaldehyde and formaldehyde as materials,Et 3N as catalyst.The hydrogenation,in which the conversion of hydroxypivaldehyde and selectivity of NPG were respectively 99% and 95%,used Cu-ZnO as catalyst,and ethanol as solute,meanwhile in the hydrogenation,the impurity in material could also ...

缩合反应采用异丁醛和甲醛为原料，三乙胺为催化剂，在 60℃左右反应，缩合产物经减压蒸馏和结晶、干燥，得到收率为 90 %以上的中间体羟基戊醛；加氢反应采用自制的Cu -ZnO催化剂，乙醇为溶剂，在 15 0℃将HPA加氢生成新戊二醇，HPA转化率为 99%，新戊二醇收率在 95 %以上，而且HPA缩合反应的副产物在加氢反应中也转化为新戊二醇。

The recent advances in the studies of phototropism are reviewed in this paper:more and more evidences support Bruinsma-Hasagawa hypothesis that tissues within the plant are affected by the Pfr gradient and express growth redistribution; Fluence-response studies of phototropism indicate that fPIPP and TDP are general types of multiple response types of phototropism; several photoreceptors involving phototropism have been characterized; four genetic loci affecting phototropism have been identified by mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana .

本文综述近年来植物向光反应研究方面的进展：（1）植物内部组织感受Pfr梯度引起生长再分布，越来越多的证据支持Bruinsma-Hasagawa假说；（2）光强-反应曲线的研究表明，向光反应存在多种反应类型，其中第一次正向光弯曲和第二次正向光弯曲最为普遍；（3）已鉴定了几种参与向光反应的光受体；（4）通过拟南芥突变体的研究确定了影响向光反应的4个基因。

The results show that the yield of compound 5 reached a maximum of 65% under the optimum reaction conditions, where the pH of the reaction medium was 3.8~4.0, the reaction temperature was 85~90 ℃, and the molar ratio of zinc powder to compound 1 was 2.6:1. The optimum oxidant for the selective oxidation of α-methyl on compound 5 was sulfuryl chloride, and the yield of the product was 52.5%.

结果表明，合成化合物5的最佳反应条件为：反应介质pH值为3.8~4.0，反应温度85~90℃，锌粉与反应物1之间的摩尔比2.6：1，产物收率达到65%；化合物5中α-甲基选择性氧化反应的最佳氧化剂为硫酰氯，产物收率达到52.5%。

The simplified peseudo-first-order kinetic model for hydrolyzation of benzal chloride was proposed according to the character of hydrolyzation reaction and the apparent reaction rate constant and activity energy was obtained. The activity energy is 17.73KJ/mol in the temperature range from 900C to 1100C and the model values and experimental values tally well.

根据水解反应的特点，提出了简化的苄叉二氯水解反应拟一级动力学模型，经参数估计，得出了水解反应的宏观反应速率常数和活化能，在900C～1100C温度范围内，反应活化能为E1＝17.73kJ/mol，模型计算值与实验值吻合较好。

The effect of zeolites ion-exchanged by transition metals on thermal catalytic cracking reaction is studied. The product distributions of the cracking reactions catalyzed by theβor ZSM-5 zeolites exchanged with transition metals are different from that catalyzed by corresponding Hzeolites, which means the mechanism of cracking reactions has varied. Group Ⅷ metals Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, Zn are shown to be of strong catalytic activity of oxidative dehydrogenation, while Ti and Cr are not of oxidative activity. Catalyzed by zeolites or catalyst containing Ag, conversion of thermal catalytic cracking reactions and the yield of ethylene increase while the yield of propylene does not decrease. Silver can not only promote the formation of carbonium ion, but also convert carbonium ion into free-radical via redox reaction. The weak adsorption of olefins on silver reduces the occurrence of hydrogen transfer and dehydrogenation. As a result, the yield of light olefins is favored by silver in the catalyst.

采用过渡金属交换的分子筛作为催化剂，进行催化热裂解制取乙烯的反应，研究发现，在β沸石分子筛和ZSM-5分子筛中引入过渡金属后，催化热裂解反应的产物分布与相应的氢型分子筛相比有了较大的变化，说明过渡金属的加入对于催化热裂解反应的机理具有影响，Ⅷ族金属如Fe、Co、Ni和第Ⅰ、Ⅱ副族Cu、Zn表现出较强的氧化脱氢活性，产物中氢气、焦炭的产率很高，Ti、Cr则未表现出氧化作用：分子筛及催化剂中引入银后，催化热裂解反应的转化率和乙烯的产率有了提高，丙烯产率没有很大的变化，说明银在催化热裂解反应中能够促进正碳离子的生成，又有可能通过氧化-还原作用部分改变反应机理，促进了自由基的生成，并且由于银对烯烃的吸附很弱，其氢转移反应和脱氢、加氢活性比较低，有利于烯烃产率的提高。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。