反应的

In chapter three, the activating agents of ytterbium have been examined. Barbier-type reaction promoted by ytterbium metal was examined. The experimental results shown that the yield of Barbier reaction of imines with allylic bromide promoted by ytterbium is higher than that of aldehydes and ketones with allylic bromide under the same reaction conditions. In this chapter, the reductive cleavage of Se-Se and S-S bond induced by ytterbium metal was also studied.

首先研究了金属镱的活化剂以及活化方法，接着考察了金属镱促进的Barbier反应及其在合成高烯丙基胺和高烯丙基醇中的应用，以及影响该反应的主要因素；究了金属镱促进的二硫醚和二硒醚的S—S键和Se—Se键的还原断裂，继而与氯代烃，胺基甲酰氯反应生成相应的硫醚，硒醚，胺基甲酸硫代酯和硒代酯。

A preferred form of the invention is a process comprising adding to a quantity of sodium which is covered with a hydrocarbon solvent boiling above 100°C., at least a chemically equivalent proportion of methyl, ethyl or a propyl alcohol, subsequently adding an approximately equivalent proportion of a dialkyl carbonate and of an alkyl phenylacetate, the alkyl groups in these two last-mentioned compounds being preferably the same as the alkyl radical of the above-mentioned lower aliphatic alcohol, heating the mixture to induce reaction and continually distilling out the alcohol formed from the reaction zone.

本发明的理想形式包括下面的工艺过程：把至少处于化学平衡的甲醇，乙醇或丙醇添加到覆盖着沸点超过一百摄氏度的碳氢化合物溶剂中，接着加入大约相同当量的二烷基碳酸酯和烷基乙酸苯酯，在刚才提到的化合物中，其烷基集团最好是和刚才提到的低级别脂肪族醇相同，然后加热反应混合物从而引导反应的进行，在反应区域通过连续蒸馏移除形成的醇类。

And the mechanism of ATRP is discussed from the view of complex-catalytic reaction. It is deduced that the active center in ATRP is not pure radical but complex active center, which maybe a complex with radical and complex ion. The structure of active center may have a "bridge"structure formed through propaganating radical and transition metal ion, and the active center exists in a"cage"generated by ligand-transition metal ion-organic halide and monomer or solvent.

论文运用基团贡献理论对一些实验现象和结果进行了讨论和分析，并结合研究结果对络合催化引发原子转移自由基聚合反应的机理进行了初步的探讨，认为：过渡金属化合物与有机配体参与的络合催化引发原子转移自由基聚合反应中，聚合反应的活性中心不是纯粹的自由基活性中心，而是与过渡金属相结合的、有着某种"笼"结构存在的复合式活性中心，同时该活性中心以自由基特性为主，同时兼具某种程度的其它活性中心特征（如阳离子和络合聚合活性中心）。

In the three systems, system realizes the crosslinking of PVC bases on the peroxide crosslinking mechanism, the tensile strength of crosslinked PVC has been improved somewhat, the IR spectrum of gel demonstrates that there are characteristic absorption peaks of n-alcohol that belongs to ethanol amine and benzenoid group. From the analysis of gel structure , deduces that the mechanism of crosslinking reaction: under the initiations of peroxide and high temperature, PVC yields macromolecules free radicals, at the same time , styrene"s polymerization and grafting onto PVC takes place, at last the system forms crosslinking structure through coupling between radicals; confirms that triethanol amine can absorb HC1 produced by degradation of PVC, so improves the crosslinking efficiency of peroxide, decreases the HCl"s promotion for PVC"s degradation; deduces that triethanol amine can activate the PVC macromolecules and prolong the free radicals" life-time of PVC macromolecules; the effect to the PVC macromolecule makes styrenes graft reaction easy, and thus improves the crosslinking efficiency.

三种体系中三乙醇胺/过氧化二异丙苯/苯乙烯体系基于过氧化物交联机理实现了聚氯乙烯的交联，聚氯乙烯交联后拉伸强度有一定提高，凝胶红外光谱分析证实了凝胶结构中含有乙醇胺的伯醇基团特征吸收和苯环的特征吸收，由凝胶结构分析，推断出交联反应的机理：聚氯乙烯在过氧化物和热作用下产生大分子自由基，苯乙烯在过氧化物和大分子自由基的作用下发生聚合和接枝反应，最终通过自由基之间的偶合产生交联；证实三乙醇胺可以吸收聚氯乙烯分解产生的HCl，提高了过氧化物的交联效率，消弱了HCl对聚氯乙烯降解的促进作用；推断三乙醇胺可以活化聚氯乙烯大分子并有可能使聚氯乙烯大分子自由基存在的时间得以延长，对聚氯乙烯大分子的作用使苯乙烯的接枝反应易于发生，从而提高了交联效率。

Pioneering work by Cohen and coworkers about T cell vaccination in the experimental autoimmune disease, has showed that the establishment of immune response against T cell vaccine, such as anti-idiotype T cells or anti -idiotype antibody, by the way of the upregulation of immune networks, and subsequently functional depression of autoimmune to self-antigen were made by vaccining mice or rate with the attenuated autoreactive T cells .

从研究TCV在防治自身免疫性疾病中的作用机制表明，人为的TCV免疫，建立了拮抗T细胞的免疫应答，使免疫网络产生上调作用，抑制了原有的或即将出现的相关T细胞的功能，由此推测，是否能够把同种反应性T细胞作为TCV，来建立抗同种免疫反应的内环境，诱导抗原特异性的同种免疫耐受或免疫低反应性。

The research shows that In has activation to Al, making its corrosive potential decrease, and increasing the rate of H2-evolutive simultaneously. The affiliating of Zn leads In and Al to alloying, reducing the rate of H2-evolutive, and passivating aluminum. The adhibiting of Bi helps to activate Al electrode, but gets up the rate of H2-evolutive. The existent of Pb passivates Al anode, restraining the H2-evolutive availably. After compounding these elements, the general performances of complex alloys are advanced by their conjunct functions farther.

结果表明，铟对铝阳极有活化作用，使铝的腐蚀电位发生负移，但同时也会加大析氢副反应的速度；锌的加入促进了铟的合金化，减少富铟偏析相的形成，而且能极大地降低铝阳极的析氢反应速率，使其钝化；铋的引入有助铝阳极活化，但同时又会导致析氢速率的提高；铅的存在使铝阳极钝化，有效地抑制了析氢反应，但加大了阳极极化。

Since H〓S and SO〓 adsorbed on TiO〓 could react with each other and TiO〓 is the medium of their electron transfer, thus SO〓 could not be adsorbed quite strong on the active site of TiO〓, which makes it more resistant to sulfating and increase the stability of catalyst. Finally, the model and mechanism of the reduction of SO〓 by NH〓 to elemental sulfur is advanced as follows: on the sulfide catalyst, ammonia is decomposed to N〓 and H〓, and H〓 reacts with SO〓 to form the intermedium of H〓S; then H〓S and SO〓 react as Claus reaction on TiO〓 catalyst.

反应系统中过量水蒸气的存在使催化剂表面某些活性位被水蒸气抑制使活性和选择性有较大幅度降低，但这种影响是可逆的，不会造成催化剂永久性中毒；另外当单质硫和水蒸气同时存在时，在〓催化剂上能够生成硫化氢和二氧化硫，而且由于硫化氢和二氧化硫化学吸附能力不同而导致它们的脱附顺序不同，硫化氢的生成温度总是低于二氧化硫的生成温度，说明过量水蒸气的存在会导致氧化物催化剂上逆克劳斯反应的发生；而在硫化物催化剂上几乎没有硫化氢和二氧化硫生成，说明硫化物催化剂能够抑制逆克劳斯反应的发生。

In this review we provide new application of variational transition state theory -inreaction at gas-solid interface ,with emphasis on dissociation absorption of gas-phase moleculeon the surface of face-centered cubic crystal.

提供了变分过渡态理论的新应用－用于气固界面上的反应，重点是气相分子在面心立方晶体上发生的解离吸附反应，给出了反应的物理图象，用新的势能面计算了H＿2在Ni（100）面上的解离吸附的速率常数，结果与Truhlar的结果相符。

Sythesis and application of chlorostyrene-DVB strongly acidic cation exchange resin ;2. For this study,a series of poly( p -amino styrenes) with various amounts of supported hydrogen chloride,and a series of strongly acidic cation exchange resin s with various exchange capacity were synthesized,and their catalytic property for ketalization of cyclohexanone and glycol were investigated.

通过测定固载了不同量的氯化氢的聚和不同交换量的强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化的环己酮与乙二醇的缩酮化反应缩酮的收率，研究了聚合物固体酸催化剂的疏水性对其催化缩酮化反应性能的影响；发现在一定范围内增加催化剂的疏水性，可提高缩酮化反应的收率。

At first, the rought C〓F〓 mixed gases are obtained by pyrolysis process of R22. A experimental pyrolysis device is designed and made by ourself. The optimum operating conditions are offered in the paper. Secondly, the much efforts is on the synthesis of R134. After through the discussion of basic thermodynamics and kinetics, selecting and preparating catalyst, it is possible that the synthesis of R134 by pyrolyzed gases hydrogenation. Base on the character of catalytic process, the kinetics equation about C〓F〓 catalytic hydrogenation is established. The rate constant of the reaction is obtained through experiment data regression. In order to achieve higher yield of R134, some optimum technological conditions is determined.

论文首先对R22裂解制成四氟乙烯混合原料气的裂解过程进行了讨论，自行设计和制作裂解反应装置，并确定裂解反应的最佳操作条件；然后，重点对R134的合成进行基础研究，分别从热力学和动力学的角度探讨以含四氟乙烯的R22裂解混合气为原料合成R134这一全新工艺的可能性，选择和制备加氢催化剂，根据催化过程特点建立四氟乙烯催化加氢反应的总包动力学方程，并在此基础上自行设计和制作中试合成装置，获得了以裂解混合气为原料合成R134的最佳工艺条件，为R134的工业化生产提供了必要的理论依据和实验基础。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！