反应的

The results show that all these three factors are helpful to increase the alcoholysis degree,but the influence from the amount of alkali contributes the greatest,and the influence from the reaction temperature is the least.

结果表明，三种参数的增加都会使产物的醇解度增加，其中碱物质的量比的影响最大，其次是反应时间，反应温度对产物醇解度的影响最小，几种参数对醇解反应的影响是交互的，当其中一种参数发生变化时，其它几种参数的影响能力会随之发生改变。

The higher performance of reaction and decoking. were obtained in the GOC processes, as compared with their pyrolysis processes.

实验结果表明，O2的存在降低了正癸烷GOC反应的活化能，使反应在较低的温度下具有高的反应性能；O2同时起到消除积炭的作用，提高体系的抗积炭能力。

For example, an objective polyester can be produced in a method of producing an ester comprising, a first step wherein a diol is reacted with an ester produced beforehand from a dibasic acid and a monofunctional alcohol, or an ester produced beforehand from a monofunctional alcohol and diol, a second step wherein unreacted ester is separated from the product produced in the first step to obtain another ester, and a third step wherein unreacted ester separated in the second step is recycled to the first step, 0.05-5 millimoles of the catalyst relative to one mole of acid being used in said first step.

例如，可以应用制备酯的方法制备目的聚酯，包括，第一步，使二醇与产生的酯反应，该酯由二元酸和单官能团醇预先制得，或由单官能团醇和二醇预先制得；第二步，将未反应的酯与第一步所制得的产物分离，得到另一种酯；第三步，将第二步中分离出的未反应的酯循环回到第一步中，在第一步中相对于1摩尔酸来说，应用了0.05-5毫摩尔所述的催化剂。

At Hcy/Au electrode, there were electrocatalytic responses of DA and E with ΔEp 57.5mV and 63.5mV, respectively. The standard rate constants k〓 were calculated as 2.1×10〓 cm s〓 and 1.6×10〓 cm s〓 corresponding to DA and E. The electron transfer number n〓=1 was achieved, which revealed that the 2e transfer of DA and E is not completed by one step at the electrode. Because AA also displayed electrocatalytic behavior at Hcy/Au electrode, DA and E can be determined in presence of AA.At Hcy/Au electrode, a pair of very stable and well-defined redox waves of Mb were obtained.

在Hcy/Au电极上分别得到多巴胺、肾上腺素的一对可逆的氧化还原波，求出两者的电极反应速率常数分别为2.2×10〓cm s〓和1.6×10〓cm s〓，推导出在两者的电极反应过程中均存在一个自由基并且它的形成决定了整个电极反应的速度；由于抗坏血酸在此电极上也具有电催化响应，可以在抗坏血酸存在下对多巴胺和肾上腺素进行测定。

In order to avoid Madeirization, enzyme treatments provided with a prospective method. In this paper, the mechanism of Madeirization, enzymes, polyphenols and enzyme oxidations which related to Madeirization were discussed. Comparison between traditional methods and enzyme treatment processing technology in white wine were also reviewed.

较全面地介绍了马德拉化的反应机制和能消除葡萄酒中引起马德拉化反应的多酚类物质的酶的种类及其酶促反应类型；比较了酶处理与传统方法的异同，并给出了酶处理防止马德拉化的工艺流程。

The simulation points out a way for designing and manufacturing nanomaterials with totally different microstructures.2.The linear homopolymers have been added into a ABC 3-miktoarm star terpolymers system by dynamic density functional theory simulation. The areas of B phase domain and the interval between two nearest neighbour B phase domains shift with the accession of the linear polymer.3.A Petri net model was built to simulate the heat shock response in E.coli.

我们构建了大肠杆菌热休克反应的Petri网络模型，并应用化学反应动力学随机算法进行了模拟计算，观察其动力学过程，通过观测体系中平衡态下分子数目与反应速率常数间关系，总结了反应对体系平衡的影响规律，并由观测到的现象，对调控因子α的自身表达的调控机制作出推测：调控因子α的调控机制有可能是受网络控制的。4。

The metals, such as Fe, Cu and Co, which can be reduced by KBH〓, can not change the catalytic properties obviously if only small amount of them are added to Ni-B alloys; those who can not react with KBH〓, such as Zn〓, are washed out during the preparation, so they also can not change the catalytic properties; while addition of the elements in VIB group, such as Cr, Mo and W, can increase the hydrogenation activity magnificently.

同样，我们通过添加第三组分来修饰Ni-B合金，可以被还原的金属，如Fe、Co、Cu等，少量添加并不能明显改变其反应性能；而与KBH〓不发生反应的金属，如Zn，以离子形式加入后，除了少量离子被吸附在催化剂表面外，基本不残留在催化剂里，因此对反应性能也没有太大的改变；只有VIB族元素，如Cr、Mo、W的加入才会很大改进Ni-B催化剂在蒽醌加氢中的催化性能，尤以Cr的修饰作用最好。

The facts influencing the high stereoselectivity were discussed. It is proposed that the stability of the tri- molecular transition state or the stereoelectronic effect of the vinyl anion intermediate formed by the nucleophilic addition of halide anion to the electron-deficient carbon- carbon triple bond might be responsible for the high Z-stereoselectivity.

通过对影响反应的高立体选择性因素的研究，认为反应的三分子过渡态的稳定性或生成的烯基负离子中间体的立体电子效应决定了反应的高度Z立体选择性。

The formal potentials in cyclic voltammograms of these 3+ valence complexes are followed: Co〓-TPPS (-0.08V )＞Fe〓TPPS (-0.14V)＞Mn〓-TPPS (-0.23V). The electrochemical reaction of Mn〓-TPPS is reversible, and both of Co〓-TPPS and Fe〓-TPPS are quasi-reversible. The standard heterogeneous rate constants of Co〓-TPPS and Fe〓-TPPS were determined to be 1. 4×10〓cm/s and 1.4×10〓cm/s respectively. The rates of electrode reaction are as followed: Mn〓-TPPS＞Co〓-TPPS＞Fe〓-TPPS, e.i. Mn〓-TPPS is the most easily oxidized by the dissolved oxygen, and Fe〓-TPPS is oxidized slower than Co〓-TPPS. Ni〓-TPPS can not be oxidized. It is considered that oxygen plays an important role in the valence change of central metal atom and the rate of electron transfer in some metalloporphyrins.

三价金属卟啉络合物在循环伏安图上可得到三价到二价的还原和氧化响应，电极电位从大到小排列为：Co〓-TPPS(-0.08V)＞Fe〓-TPPS(-0.14V)＞Mn〓-TPPS(-0.23V)，电极反应可逆性也不相同，Mn〓-TPPS是可逆过程，Co〓-TPPS、Fe〓-TPPS是准可逆过程，实验测得Co〓-TPPS的标准电极反应速率常数ks＝1.4×10〓cm/s，Fe〓-TPPS的ks＝1.4×10〓cm/s，电极反应的速率从大到小为：Mn〓-TPPS＞Co〓-TPPS＞Fe〓-TPPS，即Mn〓-TPPS最容易被溶解氧所氧化，Fe〓-TPPS被氧化的速度最慢，Ni〓-TMPyP不能被氧化，因此我们认为溶解氧对金属卟啉中心离子的价态和电子转移速率起着重要作用。

In this situation,the electrode potential at equilibrium(i.e,when the rate of the anodic reaction equals the rate of the cathodic reaction) will be shifted from the standard electrode potential and can be defined by the Nernst equation:(5)where E0 is the standard electrode potnetial ,RT/F is a constant,n is the number of electrons transferred ,and a is the activity of the anodic and cathodic reactants.

在这个情况，电极电位在平衡(即，当正极反应的率合计负极反应的率)从标准电极电位将被转移，并且可以由能斯脱等式定义：(5) E0是标准电极potnetial的地方， RT/F是常数， n是转移的电子的数量，并且a是正极和负极反应剂的活动。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！