反应的

Firstly, the reactivity of benzaldehyde is studied utilizing the autoclave designed by us in near-critical water.

通过对苯甲醛在近临界水中反应后产物的分析检测认为，苯甲醛在有限的温度范围内微量的发生了Cannizzaro反应，并同时伴随有苯甲醛自身的羟醛缩合反应等其他副反应的发生。

The effects of the composition of catalyst (the structure and amount of bident ligand and strong acid, the cocatalytic activity of Cu〓, the roles of methanol and phenol etc.) and the copolymerization condition (the reaction time, temperature, amount of ST and CO, the structure and amount of solvent etc.) on catalytic activity were studied. The principle of the copolymerization was investigated.

研究了催化体系组成（含氮双齿配体的结构与用量、强酸的结构与用量、铜盐的助催化作用、甲醇和酚类化合物作用等）和共聚反应条件（共聚反应的温度与时间、溶剂种类与用量、苯乙烯与一氧化碳量等）对溶液共聚反应的催化活性的影响，探索溶液聚合反应规律。

In this thesis, we developed chiral proton N-O type ligands and employed them in the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to N-diphenylphosphinoyl imines. The relationship between the structure of the ligands and the enantioselectivity was systematically studied. Furthermore, enantioselective butylation of N-diphenylphosphinoyl imines withBu〓Zn and enantioselective diphenylzinc addition to imine were also examined.

本文致力于亚胺的不对称催化有机锌试剂加成反应的研究：以手性质子型N-O配体为促进剂，对N-二苯基次膦酰亚胺进行不对称乙基锌加成反应而展开研究工作，系统地考查了手性配体的结构对反应的影响；另外，对N-二苯基次膦酰亚胺的不对称催化丁基锌加成进行了研究，并首次对亚胺的不对称苯基锌加成反应进行了初步探索。

The results showed that:(1) The characteristic frequency of IC neurons of house mouse was increased with increasing recording depth, and the masker intensity used was positive relevant to the IC neurons\' minimum threshold. When the minimum threshold was high, the masker intensity needed was loud, vice versa.(2) According to the masking rate at MT+10dB of IC neurons to frequency modulation and tone burst, the IC neurons were classified as three types: type I neurons ( 72/113, 63.7%), in which the masking effect of TB was better than frequency modulation ;type II neurons (32/113, 28.3%), in which the masking effects of the two maskers were same; type III neurons( 9/113, 8.0%), in which the masking effect of FM was better than TB.(3) Type I neurons, the minimum threshold of which was low, but the Q_(10) and DR values of which were large; in type III neurons, the minimum threshold was high, the Q_(10) and DR values were narrow; in type III neurons, the MT Q_(10) and DR values were in between.(4) Both FM and TB could make the MT of type I neurons shift upward distinctively, but the effect of TB was more significant than FM.(5) The Q_(10) values of type I neurons became narrower under the influence of TB, were unaffected under the influence of FM.

结果显示：(1)小鼠下丘神经元的特征频率随着记录深度的增加而增高，掩蔽声强度与神经元的最小阈值呈正相关，即对高最小阈值的神经元进行掩蔽时需要的掩蔽声强度高，对低最小阈值神经元进行掩蔽需要的掩蔽声强度低：(2)根据调频声(frequency modulation， FM)和短纯音(tone burst， TB)对下丘神经元阈上10dB处反应的掩蔽，将小鼠IC神经元分为三类：Ⅰ类神经元(72/113，63.7％)，短纯音的掩蔽效果比调频声更好；Ⅱ类神经元(32/113，28.3％)，两者对神经元声反应的掩蔽率相同；Ⅲ类神经元(9/113，8.0％)，调频声的掩蔽效果更好；(3)Ⅰ类神经元的最小阈值低、Q_(10)值和动态范围大，Ⅲ类神经元最小阈值高、Q_(10)值和动态范围小，Ⅱ类神经元的最小阈值、Q_(10)值和动态范围介于Ⅰ和Ⅲ类神经元之间；(4)短纯音和调频声都可以使Ⅰ类神经元声反应的最小阈值明显上移，但短纯音使神经元最小阈值的上移更显著：(5)短纯音使Ⅰ类神经元的Q_(10)值变小，调频声使神经元的Q_(10)值增大不显著，短纯音与调频声对神经元Q_(10)的影响差别显著；(6)短纯音与调频声都使神经元的动态范围减小，并且作用显著，但短纯音的效果更显著：(7)短纯音与调频声都使神经元反应的潜伏期延长，效果显著，但TB的延长作用更为显著；(8)随着探测声强度的升高，短纯音和调频声对Ⅰ类神经元声反应的掩蔽率都降低，但在各个探测声强度短纯音的掩蔽率都比调频声高。

In chapter 4 an abnormal reaction that the nitro group of 1-aryl-2-nitroethenescan be easily replaced by the organic moity of FG-RZnI using Ni〓 and tertiaryamine as catalyst was first given. The experimental results show that in the presenceof catalytic amount of Ni〓 and tertiary amines, the reaction of FG-RZnI andl-aryl-2-nitroethenes give the substitution products l-aryl-l-alkene, instead ofMichael addition products.

通过实验发现，在催化量的Ni〓及叔胺催化下， l-硝基-2-芳基乙烯与烷基碘化锌并不进行Michael加成反应，而是发生1-硝基-2-芳基乙烯中硝基被取代的反应，生成了高产率的1-芳基-l-烯烃，由于此反应的原料易得、反应条件温和、产物的产率高，因而是合成l-芳基-1-烯烃的有效方法。

Whenpyridine was used as reductive decomposing agent, the expecting cholest-4-en-3,6-dione-22-al was obtained. However, when Zn/HOAc was used to decomposethe ozonide, C-4,5 double bond was further reduced to give cholest-3,6-dione-22-al as main product. 2 For the side-chain construction of compound (1), the solid-liquid phase-transfer Wittig reaction was used. When (3-methyl-2-oxobutyl)-triphenylarsonium bromide was used as reagent, the reaction can be carried out inmild reaction condition and the yield is higher than that when phosphorane wasused.

但使用Zn／HOAc作为分解剂时，却得到其氢化产物胆甾-3， 6-二酮-22-醛；2在甾体支链引入过程中，采用固-液相转移Wittig反应的方法，用(3-甲基)-2-氧丁基三苯基溴化胂作为试剂，反应在非常温和的条件下便可完成，而且产率比传统采用膦烷的方法更高；3在对某些甾酮化合物的选择性还原反应研究时，发现在〓还原体系中，当加入某些金属离子后，反应有更好的区域选择性和立体选择性。

We have summarized the recent progress in studies of the regioselectivity for the P-B reaction in this paper, and especially focused on the temperature and substituent effects on the regioselectivity.

本论文结合作者的研究工作，评述了近年来P-B反应的区域选择性的研究进展，重点阐述了反应温度、反应物的取代基对P-B反应区域选择性的影响及其规律。

This paper expounds the ap- plication of thermit and magnesium thermit as two representative thermit reactions in industry and lab fields and the de- velopment of thermit reactions,and then puts forward the shortages of the study on thermit reactions and the questions remained to research further.

通过对工业和实验中最具代表性的两种热剂反应——铝热剂与镁热剂反应研究及应用的介绍，阐述了热剂反应的发展状况，并指出了热剂反应研究的不足和有待进一步研究的若干问题。

We have studied the electrochemical oxidation reactions of bilirubin, biliverdin, bile-purpurin and choletelin in H〓O+DMF mixed solvent and found that the oxidation reactions of these bile pigments were greatly sped up by the introduction of water into DMF, and discussed the effect of water on their oxidation mechanisms too, and determined the reaction rate constants in the mixed solvent.

利用现场紫外-可见及时间分辨光谱电化学技术，研究了胆红素、胆绿素、胆汁红紫素及胆黄素在DMF+H〓O混合溶剂中的电化学氧化反应，发现由于水的引入，使上述胆汁色素在DMF中的氧化反应大大加快。研究了反应的动力学，首次求出了反应的速率常数。

The analysis on unilateral, bilateral and lateral-torsional coupled seismic response of base-isolated structures with lead rubber bearings is carried out. The maximal displacement of the bearings is studied. The influence on lateral-torsional coupled seismic response of base-isolated structures due to the excentricity and uncoupled period ratio of the superstructure, and the excentricity of the isolation system is investigated.

对铅芯叠层橡胶支座基础隔震结构进行了单向及双向地震反应对比分析，并研究了支座最大位移的确定；对结构进行了平—扭耦联地震反应分析，研究上部结构的偏心距及非耦联周期比、隔震层偏心距等因素对结构的平—扭耦联地震反应的影响，并对结构平—扭耦联地震反应的控制进行了探讨。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失