反应的

And electrocarboxylation was carried out in the presence of CO2. The global yield and the ratio of mono- to dicarboxylic acids were strongly affected by various factors: electrode material, electrolysis potential, the substrate concentration and temperature.

而在CO2氛围下，可以实现相应的电羧化反应，反应的总产率和选择性受各个反应条件的影响，例如电极材料、电解电位、底物浓度和反应温度。

Hydroxybutyraldehyde, which is main material of synthesizing 3-hydroxybutyric acid was prepared through the aldol condensation of acetaldehyde in this paper. The properly reaction conditions of acetaldehyde condensation and paraldehyde depolymerization was studied and obtained.

本文自行制备了氧化反应的主要原料3-羟基丁醛，并对乙醛羟醛缩合反应及三聚乙醛的解聚反应进行了初步研究，确定了反应的最佳条件。

On the basis of HPLC analytical results, a reaction mechanism between chlorine dioxide and phenol had been proposed. The rate control step in the process of reaction was studied by using ab initio method. Opmital geometry of every species in reaction was caculated by the available gratient optimum software. The result of harmonic vibrational frequencies indicated that phenolate radical was a stable intermediale product.

根据对ClO〓氧化苯酚后的高压液相色谱图，提出了ClO〓与苯酚氧化反应的机理，并对反应机理中的速度控制步骤进行量子化学理论剖析，利用梯度优化软件计算了参加反应物种的平衡几何构型，振动频率分析的结果表明：酚氧自由基是稳定的反应中间体，利用ab initio计算软件计算了参加反应物种的总能量，酚盐负离子中的氧原子电荷密度，布居数和前线轨道。

The suitable synthesis conditions were defined as follows: the molar ratio of DCPP and resorcin was 2.1:1;the dosage of catalyst made by myself was 1.5% of the amount of the resorcinol;the first reaction temperature was 120～130℃,the reaction time was about 60min,the second reaction temperature was160～170℃,the reaction time was 60min,the third reaction temperature reaches to 210～220℃ for removing the unreacted phenol and superfluous DCPP.

确定了反应的最佳工艺条件：DCPP和间苯二酚的物质的量之比为2.1：1；使用自制的催化剂，用量为间苯二酚质量的1.5％；起始反应温度为120～130℃，反应时间约为1h；第二步反应温度为160～170℃，反应时间约为1h，最后把温度升到210～220℃除去残留在产品中的苯酚和过量的DCPP，产品收率约为92.0％。

During these years (1997-2000) in the research area of annonaceous acetogenins 5 natural products and a number of chiral-pure analogs of annonaceous acetogenins have been synthesized using sugars as the starting materials. Their high activity and selectivity against cell line of colon tumor and a relationship between activity and configuration have been found too. In the respect of inhibitor of sialidase two new methodologies for the synthesis of chiral-pure 3-deoxy-ulosonic acid using hetero-Diels-Alder reaction or asymmetric propargylation as the key reaction were developed. On the topic of anti-leukemia marine natural product clavulactone a synthetic method based on the free radical cyclization and starting from sugar has been developed. In other title of PKC inhibited agent sphingosine a new synthetic route with SN2' as the key reaction has also been disclosed.

项目期间（1997-2000）在番荔枝内酯方面从糖出发合成了五个天然产物和一批手性纯的类似物，它们对肠癌细胞有很高的活性和选择性，并与构型有关；在唾液酸酶抑制剂方面发展了二类全新手性纯高碳糖的合成方法－杂原子D－A反应或丙炔基不对称加成为关键的反应；抗白血病海洋天然产物群柱虫内酯方面研究了由糖出发和自由基环化反应的合成方法；对PKC 起抑制作用的鞘氨醇方面也开创了新的合成途径－由糖出发并以SN2'反应为关键反应。

The terminal allylation reaction was studied which was influenced by reaction time, reaction temperature, category and dosage of allylation reagent and molecular weight of polyether.

其次对双羟基聚醚的端烯丙基化反应进行研究，讨论了反应时间、反应温度、聚醚分子量、烯丙基化试剂的种类和用量对反应的影响。

This is probably due to the geometry of the intermediate. 3. The cyclization of carbodiimide 2 with 1H-1, 2, 4-triazole in presence of solid potassium carbonate was studied firstly. The interesting color change was observed during the reaction process. The condition for cyclization was researched.

首次研究了碳二亚胺2与1H-1，2，4-三唑在固体碳酸钾存在下的成环反应，结果表明该反应仅生成1-N产物，而且在反应过程中出现了有趣的颜色变化，研究了该成环反应的条件。

From the influnce of pH change in water on the copolymerization, the copolymerization mechanism was provided. The copolymerization mechanism is that there is hydrogen bond, which can enhance the copolymerization, between acrylic acid and crotonaldehyde at low pH and there is"Charge Transfer Complex", which gives the more crotonaldehyde in P (acrylic acid-crotonaldehyde), between acrylic acid and crotonaldehyde at high pH.

根据共聚合反应介质pH值变化对丙烯酸-丁烯醛共聚合反应的影响，提出了丙烯酸-丁烯醛共聚合反应机理，即在低pH值时，丙烯酸、丁烯醛之间可形成氢键，从而使共聚合体系具有较高的聚合反应速率和转化率；在较高pH值时，丙烯酸、丁烯醛之间则有电荷转移络合物形成，从而使共聚物中含有更多的丁烯醛链段。

Synthesis of cyclohexyl acetate with rare earth composite solid superacid catalyst of SO2-4/TiO2/Ce4+was investigated.

研究了以稀土复合固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2/Ce4+为催化剂合成乙酸环己酯的反应，在反应温度分别为100℃、110℃、120℃下，测出酯化反应的动力学参数，建立了动力学方程，并与无催化剂作用下合成乙酸环己酯反应的活化能及动力学方程进行了比较。

Accordingly with the ZSM-5 zeolite the turning point happened at the conversion of about 55%,the respective contributions were about 20% and 80%, and dealkylation of about 10% of alkylbenzene present in the feed was helpful to form benzene.

在ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上，从芳烃迁移反应向芳烃生成反应的过渡大约发生在转化率55%附近，芳烃迁移和芳烃生成反应对苯生成的贡献分别约为20%和80%，原料中约10%的烷基苯会发生脱烷基反应生成苯。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失