反应率

In previous results, Alkyl substituted propargylic dithioacetals treating with butyl lithium then were allowed to react with carbonyl compounds to form homopropargylic alcohol with high yields and highly regioselective.

在本实验室先前的研究中发现，烷基取代炔丙基硫缩酮与正丁基锂进行开环反应后，若是与羰基化合物反应，能够以高产率、具位向选择性的生成高炔丙基醇。

As a key step of the synthesis, the Friedel-crafts acylation was researched. And the optimal operation variables were determined through orthogonal experiment: when 0.lmol acetanilide, 0.26mol aluminum chloride, 0.12mol propionyl chloride and 200ml carbon disulfide are introduced, and the reaction time is 5 hour, the yield can be up to 57.3%. The solid super acid catalyst was preliminary studied. Four solid super acid catalysts were prepared to take the place of aluminum chloride, and it was indicated that AlCl3 acidic resin can better catalyze the Friedel-Crafts reaction of acetanilide.

对合成路线中的Friedel-Crafts酰基化反应进行了研究，运用正交实验设计确定了最佳工艺条件：当乙酰苯胺用量为0.1mol时，AlCl_3用量为0.26mol、丙酰氯用量为0.12mol、溶剂用量为200ml、反应时间为5h，产率可达到57.3％；对于固体超强酸催化剂进行了初步研究，合成了四种催化剂，其中负载AlCl_3强酸性树脂对于乙酰苯胺的Friedel-Crafts酰基化具有一定的催化活性。

With sodium acetate as catalyst, inosine was esterified with acetic anhydride in the yield of 92% to give 2',3',5'-triacetyl inosine, which was treated with pyridine and phosphorus oxychloride to form a pyridinium solution, followed by performing an amination at 40℃ and 0.25~0.30 MPa to achieve adenosine in the yield of 67%.

肌苷在醋酸钠存在下与醋酸酐发生酯化反应以92%的收率得到2'，3'，5'-三乙酰肌苷，其化合物经吡啶和三氯氧磷处理形成吡啶盐溶液，未分离直接在40℃、0.25~0.30 MPa压力下进行氨解反应以67%产率制得腺苷。

For the first time we synthesized nanoscale metal hydrides of lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, dysprosium, and ytterbium with high efficiency under mild condition by complexometric catalysis instead of traditional preparation at high temperature and high pressure. It is for the first time that we synthesized lanthanide organic compounds with catalysts or initiating agents at atmosphere and ambient temperature,and some of them are new compounds. Nanometric lanthanide metal powders are prepared by thermal decomposition of the compounds in vacuum. Differently from the traditional method, size of the products prepared by our method is less than 40nm, and the activity of the reaction is very high. They are pyrophoric at atmosphere. They can make some reactions without activity or low activity show extremely high activity .We investigated influent regulations of methods, conditions to scale and special surface.

我们首次成功地用络合催化等方法取代需在高温高压下进行的传统方法，在温和条件下高效率地合成出纳米尺寸镧、钕、钐、镝、镱的金属氢化物；首次在常压常温的条件下，通过催化、引发等方法合成镧系金属有机化合物，再将其真空热分解成功地制备了纳米尺寸的镧、钕、钐、镝、镱等金属粉末；与传统方法不同，这些方法得到的产品基本颗粒尺寸小于 40 nm，遇到空气燃烧，具有极高的化学反应活性，使原来活性很低甚至观察不到活性的反应大幅度提高反应速率和产率；考察了制备方法、制备条件等因素对晶粒尺寸、比表面积大小等的影响规律。

Quinonyl compounds were reducted to phenolic compounds in high yields promoted by aluminum triiodide ,and after the reaction with dienophiles in Diels Alder reactions concave adductions were combined.

在现场制备的三碘化铝促进下，醌类化合物发生还原反应以良好产率生成酚类物，并且在原位与亲双烯体发生Diels Alder反应从而生成凹状加合

The microwave assisted synthesis of aromatic esters has advantages such as less time, efficiency and safety while the traditional process has the disadvantages such as long rection time, low yield, serious pollution and difficult separation.

传统加热条件下合成芳香酯具有反应时间长、产率低、污染大及后处理困难等缺点。微波辅助合成芳香酯具有反应快速、高效及安全等优点。该文综述了微波辅助合成芳香酯的研究进展，并展望了微波技术在芳香酯合成中的发展前景。

The microwave assisted synthesis of aromatic esters has advantages such as less time, efficiency and safety while the traditional process has the disadvantages such as long rection time, low yield, serious pollution and difficult separation.

传统加热条件下合成芳香酯具有反应时间长、产率低、污染大及后处理困难等缺点。微波辅助合成芳香酯具有反应快速、高效及安全等优点。

Most commonly esters are not synthesized by the reactions between carboxylic acids and alcohols because such reactions are revisable reactions with low yields.

P115 酯通常不由羧酸和醇的反应来制备，这是由于这个反应是可逆反应、产率低。

Bis (P—bromobenzylamino) ethane and 1,2—bis (m—Iodobenzylamino) ethane may be prepared by condensation of the corresponding halo benzaldehyde with ethylenediamine and followed by catalytic hydrogenation of the Schiff's bases over Pto_2 in glacial acetic acid solutions: Both Ⅱa and Ⅱb may react in neutral mediam with aldehydes to form well—defined crystalline tetrahydro—imidazole, which may be served as derivatives of identification for aldehydes: Under the same condition, however,Ⅱb may ...

用1，2-二乙烷与二十余种醛类作用，得到有固定熔点的晶体衍生物，它们的熔点分布在85—210℃之间，产率为40—96％，这试剂与甲基酮类在相同条件下无反应，因此，它可作为鉴定醛类的专属试剂。 2。上述衍生物用稀盐酸在室溫处理，能发生水解，可以定量地收回原来的醛，因此这试剂又可作为分离醛类的试剂。 3。上述衍生物可以用非水滴定法半微量地测定其分子量可作为鉴定醛类的另一项参考数据。 4.1，2-二乙烷与醛类能生成晶体衍生物，但这试剂也与甲基酮在同样条件下发生反应，所以不适合作为鉴定醛类的专属试剂。

A series of 3,3,6,6 tetramethyl 1,8 dioxo 9 aryl 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 decahydro acridines have been synthesized by the condensation of aromatic aldehydes, 5,5 dimethyl 1,3 cyclohexanedione and ammonium acetate in the presence of triethylbenzylammonium chloride as catalyst in water.

芳醛、5 ，5 二甲基 1，3 环己二酮与醋酸铵在三乙基苄基氯化铵催化下以水作为溶剂反应，生成一系列 3 ，3 ，6，6 四甲基 1，8 二氧代 9 芳基 1，2 ，3 ，4，5 ，6，7，8，9，10 十氢吖啶，与其它溶剂相比，水作为该反应的溶剂具有价格便宜，不易燃和无毒等优点，而且产率较高，产物的结构通过单晶X射线确

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！