反应率

Nevertheless, due to the increase of the surface area and activity, the possibility of hydrogenolysis also increases so that more chloroform are generated with the use of nano-scale particles than with the micro-scale particles.

然而由於尺寸缩小，反应活性亦加大，奈米锡在水中对氢离子的竞争性提升，因此加强了氢解反应的发生机率，造成奈米化金属系统三氯甲烷的产率较粉末状金属系统高出许多。

Solid acid catalysts have been found to be useful catalyst in a variety of organic reactions. They have many advantages, such as non-toxic, inodorous, non-volatile; non-corrosive, non-pollution, mild reaction conditions, high yields and reactivity, excellent stability and simple work-up procedure, and these are what liquid catalysts cant replace.

固体酸催化剂在有机合成反应中应用广泛，这类催化剂无毒无味，不挥发，不污染环境，不腐蚀设备，容易回收，可重复使用，所催化的反应条件温和，产率和选择性高，后处理简便，且具有独特的催化性能，这些是液体催化剂所不能代替的。

The reactive time and reactive temperature are two important parameters for yield of lactide.

反应时间和反应温度是制备丙交酯的两个重要的工艺参数，直接影响丙交酯的产率。

Both the protection and deprotective group methods for the amino-group on side chain of a new N-pivot lariat crown ether were studied comparatively.

研究了一种新的氮支套素冠醚侧链上氨基的保护和脱保护基方法，结果表明，由过量乙二胺与对甲苯磺酰氯反应得到的单保护乙二胺（N－对甲苯磺酰基乙二胺4a），经N－烷基化环化反应，然后在氢化铝锂存在下脱除保护基，即可制得最佳产率的N－（2－氨基已基）单氮杂－12－冠－4（1）。

The saturated solution can be directly recycled in distillation and turned into renewed solvent which has the same dissolving performance as the untapped one.After disparting from aluminum foil, the mixture of LiCoO_2 and acetylene black was lixiviated to extract cobalt ion. The leaching efficiency of cobalt was shown to be as high as 90% in the lixiviation experiments.

对钴锂膜上与铝箔脱离后的LiCoO_2、乙炔黑混合粉末，通过浸出钴的实验研究，确定了盐酸体系为合适的浸出体系，在盐酸浓度为6.67mol/L，反应温度80℃，反应时间50分钟的最优化浸出条件下，钴金属的浸出率可达90%以上。

The title complex has been synthesized by the reaction of silicotungstic acid , 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate and cupric acetate.

以钨硅酸为催化剂，通过丁酸和异丁醇反应合成了丁酸异丁酯，探讨醇酸物质的量比、催化剂用量及反应时间对酯化率的影响。

These include that the dealkylation of the aromatics with side chains, polynuclear aromatic hydrogenation under supercritical condition, cracking of naphthene and C-S C-N key.

渣油经过加氢裂化反应后，虽然其芳炭率提高了，但是它的芳香环系缩合度降低了，表明在加氢中有大量的烷基侧链断链反应发生。

Finally, the grafting polymerization of textile materials initiated by microwave low temperature plasma was conducted. Knitted cotton fabric was grafted by AMPS first, then knitted cotton and terylene/cotton fabrics were grafted with AMPS/NIPA dualistic monomers respectively. By means of grafting polymerization, the P dualisticintelligent hydrogel was added to textile.The influences of the factors on add-on, such as treatment time and power of plasma, concentrations of crosslinking agent and total monomers, proportion of AMPS, polymerizing temperature and time etc, was studied fully. The optimal conditions of grafting polymerization initiated by microwave low temperature plasma were determined by orthogonal design, variance analysis and mathematical statistics method so as to analyze the main influencing factors. Then swelling/deswelling kinetics, temperature-sensitivity and pH-sensitivity of grafted textile were studied. The performance indexes of hydrostatic pressure, moisture permeability and bursting strength of the knitted cotton and terylene/cotton fabrics before and after grafting were compared and evaluated synthetically.

此后用微波低温等离子体引发纺织材料的接枝聚合反应，分别研究了棉针织物接枝AMPS和棉、涤棉混纺针织物接枝AMPS/NIPA二元单体，使智能凝胶以接枝的方式添加到纺织材料上；详细探讨了微波低温等离子体处理功率和时间、总单体浓度、AMPS单体浓度、交联剂浓度及聚合反应温度和时间等因素对增重率的影响，通过正交设计、方差分析及数理统计对各影响因子进行分析，确定了微波低温等离子体引发接枝聚合的最佳工艺条件；对接枝纺织材料的失水-吸水动力学、温度敏感性、pH敏感性等进行了研究；对接枝前后棉、涤棉混纺针织物的静水压、透湿性和顶破强力等服用性能指标进行了对比和综合评价。

We described that the nitro group is a stronger electron withdrawing and meta activating characters than the imide group, the amino and hydroxy are both electron donating groups and had ortho, para activating characters. The methyl group might have a steric hindrance effect in this reaction. Our results indicated that methyl group at the ortho position of the amino group on the benzene ring, the steric hindrance effect became stronger.

另一方面，由产率上的结果来看，可以得知硝基为强力的拉电子基团，会减少邻位和对位胺基的电子密度比间位多；而氢氧基与胺基是供电子基团，会增加邻位和对位胺基的电子密度比间位多；甲基取代对反应则只有立体障碍的影响，而且与反应的氨基成邻位存在下影响最大。

The effect factors of the initial ratio of substrates,amount of catalyst,reaction temperature and reaction time were investigated,and the vitamin E oleate product was analysed by TLC and HPLC.

讨论了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等4个因素对维生素E油酸酯产率的影响，并采用TLC和HPLC法对产品进行分析。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！