反应率

After deaeration of the 3.5% NaCl solution with nitrogen,only Ψc decreased markedly in comparison with that without deaeration at the same flow velocity.

结果表明：在35% NaCl流动溶液中，随着流速的增大，仅碳钢腐蚀的阴极反应作用系数急剧增大，其腐蚀率也随之增大，流体力学因素主要加速了碳钢腐蚀的阴极反应过程。

The product was immiscible with the catalyst and could be separated simply by decantation after the reaction. As environmental benign catalysts, the TMPSHSO4 could be reused for nine times without noticeable lowering of catalytic activity.

结果表明，[HSO4]具有很高的催化活性，n(C6H8O7)：n(C4H9OH)=1：3.5时在125~130℃下反应3.0h，酯化率达到99%；反应结束后产物与催化体系分层，简化了分离过程；离子液体可以循环使用9次，催化活性无明显变化。

The results from the study on the decoloring conditions of strain 3# showed that the pH range for decoloring reaction was 5～11 with 6 ～7 being the optimum, the temperature range was 10～30℃ with 30℃ being efficiency optimal. The decoloring efficiency was higher under the presence of oxygen than that lack of oxygen. Strain 3# could more strongly decolor malachite green under optimum conditions. The decoloring rate was above 50%, 70% and 90% in 4, 12 and 24 h treatment, respectively.

对3#菌株的脱色反应条件进行初步研究表明，3#细菌的脱色反应的pH为5～11，最佳范围pH 6～7；温度10～30℃，最佳温度30℃；有氧气情况下的脱色效果较缺氧情况下好；在最佳条件下该菌对孔雀绿染料的脱色作用较强，处理4、12、24 h后，色度去除率分别达到50%以上、70%以上和90%以上。

One pot synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines from aldehyde, aniline and enol ethers catalyzed by iodine was also applicable and provided tetrahydroquinolines in comparable yields.

在碘的催化下，从醛、苯胺和烯醇醚出发"一锅"合成了四氢喹啉衍生物，反应的产率与使用预制的亚胺进行的反应基本相同。

In addition, ioding was found to be an efficient catalyst for the imino Diels-Alder reaction of N-arylimine and enol ethers and the reaction provided tertrahydroqinolines in good yields. One pot synthesis of tetrahydroqinolines from aldehyde, aniline and enol ethers was also achieved using iodine as the catalyst. The chemical yield of the"one pot"reaction was comparable with that obtained using preformed N-arylimine.

此外我们也发现碘能够有效地催化N-芳基亚胺与烯醇醚的Diels-Alder反应，以很高的化学收率得到了四氢喹啉衍生物，并且发现碘也能够直接催化芳香醛、苯胺、烯醇醚的三组分"一锅"反应，获得的化学产率与使用预制的N-芳基亚胺相当。

The effects of the amount of the catalyst, reaction temperature and reaction time on the yield of the ester have been investigated.

考察了催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对酯产率的影响。

After esterification, the ethyl-2-chloro-3-phenylpropionate reacts with diethyl malonate under the catalysis of sodium ethylate, and we obtain the corresponding triethyl ester. The-benzylsuccinic acid is formed by the triethyl ester reacting with concentrate hydrochloric acid and taking place hydrolyzation and decarboxylation reaction at the same time. In order to avoid the formation of cinnamic acid, the sodium ethylate and diethyl malonate must be react sufficiently. The course has simple operation, inexpensive materials and better yield.

具体制备工艺为：首先以L-苯丙氨酸为原料采用重氮化方法得到-2-氯-3-苯基丙酸，再经酯化得到-2-氯-3-苯基丙酸乙酯后在乙醇钠催化作用下和丙二酸二乙酯缩合，发生SN2反应，得到相应的三乙酯，然后经水解和脱羧，得到-苄基丁二酸；在实验中乙醇钠要和丙二酸二乙酯充分反应，避免生成肉桂酸乙酯；该过程操作简单，原料便宜，产率较高，总收率可达到26.8%。

The globe kinetics model can be described by an exponential equation, which was fitted very well with experiment data and the error was within 7%.

结果表明，当初始pH值为7.5、反应时间为120min时，质量浓度为25mg/L的表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠的去除率为97％，且DBS降解的反应动力学模型可用幂指数方程描述，该模型计算值与试验值吻合较好，误差在7％以内。

Effects of the factors on the yield of CLA have been studied and the mathematical models have been established by using the 23 factorial experiment.

考察了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂用量、催化剂用量等因素对CLA产率的影响。

The laminar flamelet model has been widely used in the recent years, but its application to the internal combustion engine is still scarce. The domestic investigation in this aspect is almost blank.

本文作为初步尝试，将层流小火焰模型应用于典型的柴油机扩散燃烧过程，以一台直喷式柴油机为对象，分别以碳十二烷与空气的单步反应和正庚烷与空气的多步反应为机理，以混和分数为自变量，以标量耗散率为参数，建立相空间中组分质量分数瞬时值及温度瞬时值的二维层流小火焰数据库。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！