反应率

Both primary and secondary amines were readily aminolysized, but secondary amine gave relatively low yield. It appeared that the aminolysis had good selectivity since the intermediate Ⅲwas more readily attacked by N-nucleophiles than by 0- nucleophiles.

实验发现，芳香胺和非芳香胺均可获得良好的反应结果，但芳香胺所需的反应时间较长；伯胺和仲胺都是良好的胺解试剂，但使用仲胺时产率较低；N原子亲核试剂比O原子亲核试剂具有更大的反应性。

One synthetic strategy started fromγ-butyrolactone 38, from which a cyclohexadiene intermediate 30 was prepared in an overall yield of 44% in a 7-step procedure after y-butyrolactone underwent a-bromination, dehydrobromination, Diels-Alder reaction, aminolysis, benzylation, bromination and dehydrobromination, with the key step being the Diels-Alder reaction under harsh condition.

其中一个路线从γ-丁内酯38开始，连续经过α-溴化、脱溴化氢、Diels-Alder反应、胺解、苄基化、溴化和脱溴化氢共7步反应，制备了一个环己二烯衍生物30，总产率44％，关键步骤是高温高压下Diels-Alder反应。

It not only can prepare substituted arylamine sulfoacid with high-quality and high-yield, but also can easily control reaction temp., and reduce reaction temp..

所说的方法不仅能高质量、高产率地制备取代芳胺磺酸，而且由于在有机溶剂中进行反应，可非常容易地控制反应温度，并可降低反应温度。

Various alcohols are tolerable under the present conditions including benzylic alcohols,allylic alcohols as well as simple aliphatic alcohols.

普通烷基醇如环己醇，甚至最简单的甲醇和乙醇也能顺利反应，产率中等。在这个反应中，磷钨酸能够顺利回收，并在此被用于催化反应，活性没有降低。

In aqueous two phase system, the bioreaction is integrated with product seperation.

双水相生物反应体系将生物反应与产物分离集成为一体，解决了传统生物反应过程中产物和副产物抑制、产率低、分离工艺复杂、生物催化剂难以回收等问题。

When substrate molar ratio(ethyl caprylate/fish oil)15∶1 and 10% immobilized Lipozyme RM IM with added 30% water are mixed for 11 h at 45℃ SC-CO_2 and SC-CO_2 pressure 12.5 MPa,the interesterification activity of lipase is most effective and the highest incorporation of caprylic acid with triacylglycerol is obtained.

当反应温度为45℃，底物摩尔比为15∶1，酶用量为底物总量的10%，添加水量为酶量的30%，反应时间为11h，超临界CO2压力为12 5MPa时，脂肪酶LipozymeRMIM的催化效果最好，辛酸结合率在反应产物甘三酯中达最大值。

In recent years, the new technology has been used in the synthesis of chalcone compounds, under the 343 K condition carrying on the response in the temperature. It takes benzaldehyde and acetophenone as raw material, BF4 as resolver and the hydrotalcite as the catalyst, the yield of chalcone can reach 98.5%. This method has some advantages including shorter reaction time, higher yield and simpler operation.

近年来查尔酮化合物的合成采用了新技术，是以苯甲醛和苯乙酮为原料，BF4作为反应溶剂，水滑石为催化剂，在温度为343 K的条件下进行反应，查尔酮产率可以达到98.5%，该法具有反应时间短、操作简便、收率高等优点。

Mono-cinnamyl maleate was prepared by esterification of maleic anhydride and cinnamyl alcohol of 1 mol:2 mol at 95 ℃ for 2～4 h.Then added isomeric catalyst and mono-cinnamyl fumarate was made by reacting at 90 ℃ for 4 h.After methanol (methanol:mono-cinnamyl fumarate = 6 mol:1 mol) was added,the mixture maintained at 90 ℃ for 4.0 h to synthesize CMF.

合成试验表明：以摩尔比为1：2的马来酸酐与肉桂醇在95 ℃醇解反应2～4 h后加入异构化催化剂，90 ℃转型反应4 h后，添加6倍摩尔质量的甲醇，在90 ℃恒温反应4 h，反丁烯二酸桂醇甲酯的合成产率较高。

In the second part of the thesis, we discussed a L-proline-catalyzed direct Aldol reaction between L-amino acid-derived N,N-dibenzyl -amino aldehydes 15 and acetone, cyclopentanone or hydroxyacetone, which afforded (-amino--hydroxy- or (-amino-,(-dihydroxy-ketones in good to excellent yields (up to 94%) and diastereoseletivities (up to 94.9%).

发现许多情况下，反应的产率和de值超过90%。接着，在碱性条件下，我们将L-亮氨酸衍生的N，N-二苄基--氨基醛15g与羟基丙酮反应得到的主要产物(，-二羟基-γ-氨基酮171d与次溴酸钠反应，得到了具有抗肿瘤活性的天然产物PM-94128的氨基酸片断184。

Synthesis of Antidote of N-Dichloroacetyl-2-methyl-1-oxa-4-aza-spiro-4.4-nonane BI Hong-mei, ZHANG Jin-yan, LIANG Ying, SHEN Yong (College of Arts and Sciences Heilongjiang August First Reclamation University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China) Abstract: N-Dichloroacetyl-2-methyl-1-oxa-4-aza-spiro-4.4-nonane was synthesized by one pot method with isopropanolamine, cyclopentanone and dichloroacetyl chloride. The optimum reaction conditions obtained are as follows:the proportion in moles of the above materials is 1∶1∶1.2, reaction solvent is toluene, reaction temperature is -15 to -10 ℃,reaction time is 3 h, under the optimum condition, the yield of the compound is 50.0%.

除草剂解毒剂N-二氯乙酰基-2-甲基-1-氧杂-4-氮杂-螺[4.4]壬烷的合成毕洪梅，张金艳，梁英，沈勇(黑龙江八一农垦大学文理学院，黑龙江大庆 163319)摘要：以33%的氢氧化钠水溶液为缚酸剂，异丙醇胺、环戊酮和二氯乙酰氯为原料，采用&一锅法&合成了N-二氯乙酰基-2-甲基-1-氧杂-4-氮杂-螺[4.4]壬烷，采用正交实验法得到最佳反应条件：反应原料摩尔比为1∶1∶1.2，苯作溶剂，反应的温度为-15 ℃~-10 ℃，搅拌时间为3 h，产率达到50.0%。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。