反应率

The process does not depends on catalytic hydrogenization method, has simple reaction condition, high reactant yield all over 75%, can use TLC to track the whole reaction process, and is more suitable to the transformation of function group in the organic synthesis field as the result of N-Boc or N-Cbz derivative is easy to loss protective reaction, which has spreading application prospect.

该方法不依赖于催化氢化方法，反应条件简单，反应产物产率高，均在75％以上，反应过程可用TLC进行跟踪，且由于N-Boc或N-Cbz衍生物更易发生去保护反应，在有机合成领域更适宜于官能团的转化，具有广阔的应用前景。

The optimal conditions were as follows: molar ratio of lauric acid to phytosterols 1.4:1, reaction temperature 120℃, SDS 1.5% and reaction time 4 hours. Under this condition, the yield of esterification reached 87.9%. After three steps of purification the content of phytosterol ester is about 93.1%. The product was determined as phytosterol laurate with FT-IR.

在酸醇摩尔比1.4：1，反应温度120℃，SDS用量1.5%反应时间4h的最优条件下植物甾醇酯化率可达到87.9%；反应所得的植物甾醇酯粗产品经3步提纯后纯度可达93.1%；对提纯过的产品进行红外光谱分析确定反应产物为植物甾醇酯。

N-(6-methyl-2-pyridine)-amino-methylene-diethyl malonate was produced by condensation reaction of 2-amino-6-methyl pyridine with ethoxymethylene diethyl malonate under optimal conditions that n(2-amino-6-methyl pyridine)∶n(ethoxymethylene diethyl malonate) is 1∶1.3, reacting time 45 min and temperature 130 ℃,the yield of this reaction was 96%,which was 6% higher than that of literature.

在250℃的反应温度下，分别以二苯醚、石蜡油和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯为热载体进行成环反应，得到4-氧-7-甲基-1，8-萘啶-3-羧酸乙酯的收率分别为88.6%、56.3%和61.2%，确定二苯醚为最佳热载体，并发现反应温度对产率的影响最大，原料配比次之，反应时间基本无影响。

This paper focuses on the stability study of Rhizopus oryzae IFO4697 when used for the methanolysis of renewable oils for biodiesel production. The results showed that water content was important for achieving high catalytic activity and good stability of the biocatalyst. The optimum water content was found to be 5%-15%. Both particle size and desiccation methods showed no obvious effect on the stability of the biocatalyst. With GA cross-linking pretreatment, the stability of the biocatalyst could be improved significantly. When Rhizopus oryzae IFO4697 repeatedly used for next batch reaction, direct vacuum filtration was found to be a good way for the maintenance of good stability of the biocatalyst.

本实验对固定化全细胞Rhizopus oryzae IFO4697催化植物油脂合成生物柴油的稳定性进行了系统地研究，结果表明：反应体系水含量对于全细胞催化剂的反应活性和催化稳定性有重要影响， 5%~15%含水量适宜；研究范围内，载体粒度及干燥方式对稳定性影响不显著；经过戊二醛交联后，全细胞催化油脂甲醇解反应的稳定性显著提高， 1200 h反应后，仍然可以保持75%的生物柴油得率；真空抽滤直接回用的方式有利于稳定性的保持。

The direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide using another basic catalyst, potassium methoxide in the presence of CH〓I as a promoter was investigated.

除了用甲醇于二氧化碳合成DMC以外，我们又对以甲醇与尿素为原料合成DMC的路线进行了尝试，筛选出了两个离子液体Et〓NHCl-FeCl〓和emimBr-ZnCl〓作为用甲醇与尿素为原料合成DMC的高效催化剂，研究了各种反应条件如原料的比例、催化剂的添加量、反应的温度等对反应的影响，得到了所报道的在间歇釜中经一步反应合成DMC的最高产率（27％和26％左右）。

The Mannich-type addition of O , O'-dialky phosphite to 2-fluorobenzaldehyde and 4-trifluoro- methylaniline was carried out in one pot by means of adopting three kinds of green synthetic methods, microwave irradiation, ionic liquid and free solvent-catalyst condition. According to the results, the synthetic method was optimized without catalyst and solvent at 100 ℃ and 15 min, and it was economic, convenient, high yields, timesaving and environment friendly.

采用微波辐射﹑离子液体和无溶剂无催化剂三种绿色合成方法，分别进行了以亚磷酸酯、邻氟苯甲醛和对三氟甲基苯胺为原料的类Mannich一锅法合成反应研究，经合成筛选，优选出控制反应温度100 ℃、无溶剂和无催化剂加热反应15 min的合成方法，实验结果表明该方法经济、简便、产率高、反应时间短及对环境友好。

Triphenylmethyl chloride can react selectively with the 30-hydroxil group of glycyrrhetol under the catalyzing effects of three ethyl amine and dimethyl amino-pyridine.This condition of the reaction has an important value for the selective protection of 30-hydroxil group of glycyrrhetol.

三苯氯甲烷在三乙胺和二甲氨基吡啶等碱性催化下与甘草萜醇的C30-位羟基进行选择性缩合反应，此反应产率较与C3-位羟基化反应的要高，此种反应条件在甘草萜醇C30-位羟基的选择性保护中具有重要的价值。

The compound V underwent two eliminations to attain the target compounds I_. On testing compound V, diethyl chlorophosphate was displaced with water or acetyl chloride, intermediate compounds VI and VII were isolated.

另外中间体化合物II_也是支持这个反应机理的重要证据，我们在反应过程中通过改变碱来控制消除的进程，以较高产率分离得到了双键化合物II_，本文还进一步考察了中间体II_的消除反应，也成功的完成了从双键II_向叁键I_的转换，从而证实了&一锅合成法&反应经历了双消除过程。

In the second part, the cross-coupling reaction of organoboronic acid witharyl halide catalyzed by Pd has been studied, and the 〓 catalyzedcross-coupling reaction in organic phase and the 〓-TPPTS catalyzed reac-tion in water phase have been investigated also.

结果表明，无论是有机相催化反应还是水相催化反应，都得到了很高的转化率和产率。该反应条件温和，并且硼试剂和亲电底物上可以带各种官能团，适用范围极宽，是一个极有应用价值的反应。

Near-critical water is a promising reaction medium for conducting the hydrolysis of nitriles without the addition of any additives.

亚氨基二乙腈在没有外加催化剂的近邻界水中可以顺利发生水解。实验测定了亚氨基二乙腈在近临界水中(压力10MPa，温度200~260℃，反应时间10~60min)的水解反应动力学数据并考察了时间、温度、压力和初始反应物/水比对反应物转化率和产物产率的影响。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。