反应物

The present invention relates to a coating composition comprising; A at least one polyester oligomer prepared from reactants comprising a 20 60 wt.% of at least one polyol, b 5 30 wt.% of at least one polycarboxylic acid selected from the group of cyclic polycarboxylic acids, the esters or the anhydrides thereof, wherein the carboxyl groups are separated by 3 carbon atoms or less, and from the group of alpha , beta -saturated acyclic polycarboxylic acids, the esters or the anhydrides thereof, and c 20 60 wt % of at least one monocarboxylic acid, the sum of the wt.% indicated for the reactants,, and always being 100 wt.%, and the oligomer being a low-viscosity oligomer having a weight average molecular weight Mw of less than 5,000, and a hydroxyl number in the range of about 200 to about 400 mg KOH/g oligomer, and B at least one polyisocyanate.

本发明涉及一种包含如下组分的涂料组合物：A至少一种由包含如下成分的反应物制备的聚酯低聚物：a20-60wt％至少一种多元醇，b5-30wt％至少一种选自其中羧基被3个或更少碳原子隔开的环状多元羧酸、其酯或酸酐以及选自α，β-饱和的无环多元羧酸、其酯或酸酐的多元羧酸，以及c20-60wt％至少一种一元羧酸，其中反应物、和的wt％之和总是为100wt％，所述低聚物是重均分子量Mw低于5000且羟基值为约200-约400mg KOH/g低聚物的低粘度低聚物，以及B至少一种多异氰酸酯。

The optimum reaction conditions are obtained by orthogonal exptl. design; ring-opening reaction:n:n = 1:1.3, Hexamethylenetetramine catalyst 0.7%,reaction temp. is 80℃, reaction time is 7 h, and concentration of inhibitor is 0.3%. ring-closing reaction : n:n=1:0.9, reaction temp. is 40℃, reaction time is 5 h.

通过正交设计确定了最佳工艺条件为：开环反应：六次甲基四胺用量0.7%(占反应物总量的质量百分比)，阻聚剂用量0.3%(占反应物总量的质量百分比)，ECH：MAA的摩尔比为1.3：1，温度80℃，反应时间7h ；闭环反应：氯醇酯： NaOH的摩尔比为1：0.9，反应温度40℃，反应时间5h。

Results show that 4-oxo-β-ionone is the major product with yield of 53.5% under the conditions as follows: reaction temperature 45℃, reaction time 24 h, the molar ratio of n: n(NaClO3): n 20: 100: 3, and pH value of solution in 1-3; on the other hand, 5,6-epoxy-β-ionone is major product with yield of 25.4% when reaction temperature is 40℃, reaction time is 24 h, the molar ratio of n: n(NaClO3): n is 20: 120: 5, and pH values of solution is 3. The excessive β-ionone can be recovered by vacuum distillation for reusing again. 4-oxo-β-ionone and 5,6-epoxy-3-ionone were purified by recrystallization and silica gel column chromatograph respectively with the purity over 98%.

研究结果表明：氯酸钠氧化β-紫罗兰酮的反应主要生成4-氧代－β-紫罗兰酮和5，6-环氧－β-紫罗兰酮，经重结晶和硅胶柱层析分离，纯度高于98%；4-氧代－β-紫罗兰酮的有利合成条件是反应温度为45℃，反应时间为24h，溶液的pH值为1~3，反应物配比n：n(NaClO3)：n为20：100：3，最佳收率为53.5%；5，6-环氧－β-紫罗兰酮有利的合成条件是反应温度为40℃，反应时间为24h，溶液的pH值为3，反应物配比n：n(NaClO3)：n为20：120：5，其收率为25.4%；未反应的β-紫罗兰酮经减压蒸馏回收后可重复使用。

Also it is concluded that the existance of inert materials in the solid reactants is in favor of the conversion of solid reactants for any gas-solid noncatalytic reactions with molar volume of the product larger than that of solid reactant.

本文首次成功地从孔模型的角度阐明，固体反应物中的惰性杂质将有利于产物层摩尔体积大于反应物摩尔体积这类气固非催化反应中的固体反应物的转化这一普遍规律。

For the synthesis reaction of chalcone, cyclohexanone aldolization and biodiesel,γ-Al_2O_3-NaOH-Na solid superacid has a satisfactory catalytic activity. With hypnone and phenylaldehyde as raw material, amount of catalyst 7.5% wt% of material, mole ratio of hypnone and phenylaldehyde 1:1.1, reaction temperature 40℃, after 3 hours, the yield of chalcone can be up to 96.88%. With cyclohexanone as raw material, amount of catalyst 10% wt% of material, reaction temperature 190℃, after 3 hours, dimmer of cyclohexanone can be up to 85.66%.

将该固体超强碱催化剂应用于查尔酮、环己酮自缩合以及生物柴油的合成反应中，该改性固体超强碱催化剂表现出了良好的催化活性：以苯乙酮和苯甲醛为原料，反应温度为40℃，催化剂用量为反应物总质量的7.5％，苯甲醛与苯乙酮摩尔比为1：1.1，反应3h查尔酮产率可达96.88％；以环已酮为原料，催化剂用量为原料总质量的10％，反应温度为190℃，反应3h，二聚物的总收率可达85.66％；以动物油和甲醇为原料，醇油摩尔为9：1，催化剂用量为动物油质量的2％，反应温度为70℃，反应3h后，生物柴油的收率可达91.8％。

The results show that among the acetoacetonate complexes,Co_3 has the best catalytic activity.The optimum reaction conditions were as follows:0.764 mmol of Co_3,mole fraction of ethanal 10%based on the substrate,room temperature,oxygen pressure 2 MPa,reaction time 11h and solvent acetonitrile.Under these conditions,13.3%p-chlorobenzaldehyde was obtained with 15.3%conversion and 87.2%selectivity.The oxidation can also be carried out without solvent with 8.1%conversion,89.1%selectivity and 7.2%yield respectively.

在金属配合物中Co_3的催化性能最好，在其用量为0.764 mmol、乙醛用量为反应物物质的量的10%、氧气压力为2MPa时，以乙腈为反应介质，室温下反应11h，反应的转化率和选择性可达15.3%，87.2%，对氯苯甲醛收率可达13.3%；反应也可在无溶剂时进行，此时反应的转化率、选择性及醛的收率分别为：8.1%，89.1%，7.2%。

The optimum reaction conditions were that the molar ratio of maleic anhydride and p-nitroaniline was 1.2:1, the volume ratio of toluene and DMF was 10:1, the amination temperature was 20~30℃ the cyclization temperature was 145~150℃ and the cyclization time was 6 h over; the amount of p-toluene sulfonic acid was 12% of total reactant mass, the amount of copper sulfate was 0.1~0.5% of total reactant mass, the amount of hydroquinol was 0.1% of total reactant mass.

得到的最佳工艺条件是：n：n为1.2：1，V：V为10：1；胺化反应温度为20~30℃，环化反应温度为140~150℃，环化反应时间为6h以上；对甲基苯磺酸用量为反应物总质量的1%~2%；硫酸铜用量为反应物总质量的0.1%~0.5%；对苯二酚用量为反应物总质量的0.1%。

In this thesis, the reaction of methanol conversion into hydrocarbons on HZSM-5 and SAPO molecular sieves, which is of great importance to industry, is selected as probe reaction to get deeper insights into the structure of solid catalysts and the interaction of reactants with catalysts during adsorption and catalytic reaction by solid state NMR.

本论文主要以固体NMR为研究手段，以甲醇制烃类作为探针反应，详细研究了催化剂的结构、吸附过程中反应物与催化剂的相互作用、反应过程中反应物与催化剂的相互作用，主要取得了如下结果： 1 原位MAS NMR实验结果表明，甲醇制烃类的过程是通过&碳池&机理来实现，&碳池&的组成随反应的进行而变化，在反应前期，&碳池&由饱和烃类构成，随着反应的进行，饱和烃类和不饱和烃类共同组成&碳池&。

The enthalpies of some compounds were measured. And decomposition temperatures of some compounds were determined by thermogravimetric analyzer.

在合成实验中，研究了反应物分子结构，反应物配比对钯催化偶联反应速率及反应产率的影响，首次发现钯催化偶联反应中的取代反应，对观察到的实验现象给出了理论上的分析和解释。

The efficacy of photocatalytic oxidation was relative to the number of dip-coated plate, which 2 and above plates was superior to one plate, and also vertical plane to the light source was more efficient than parallel plane. The reaction rate constant showed the color removal decreased as initial MB concentration was raised. As for efficiency of catalyst durability, it was found that TiO2 dip-coated stainless steel plate performed 95% color removal at 5ppm MB even after 4 times repeated usage, which showed favorable durability. However, when the concentration up to 10 ppm, the color removal decreased as the used counts was raised.

脱色率和钢网片数有关，钢网片数超过2片以上时，其光催化效能优於单片者；光催化效能与钢网摆放方式或光源入射的角度有关，与光源垂直摆放的脱色率优於与光源平行摆放者；由反应速率常数得知，反应物之脱色率随著反应物初始浓度的提升而递减：在耐用性方面，亚甲基蓝5ppm在重覆使用四次后，其六个小时脱色率皆维持95%，显示自制光触媒钢网之耐用性颇佳，若将反应物浓度提升至100ppm，其脱色率随著使用次数之增加而递减。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。