反应作用

The effects of reaction parameters such as temperature, pressure, and hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio (H2/HC) on the hydroconversion of methylcyclopentane over Pt/HZSM-5 have been investigated in a fixedbed downflow reactor.

在连续流固定床反应装置上，考察了反应温度、压力及氢烃摩尔比等条件对甲基环戊烷临氢转化反应活性及扩环反应选择性的影响；结合反应评价结果和热力学分析，探讨了Pt/HZSM-5催化作用下MCP的扩环反应规律。

During these years (1997-2000) in the research area of annonaceous acetogenins 5 natural products and a number of chiral-pure analogs of annonaceous acetogenins have been synthesized using sugars as the starting materials. Their high activity and selectivity against cell line of colon tumor and a relationship between activity and configuration have been found too. In the respect of inhibitor of sialidase two new methodologies for the synthesis of chiral-pure 3-deoxy-ulosonic acid using hetero-Diels-Alder reaction or asymmetric propargylation as the key reaction were developed. On the topic of anti-leukemia marine natural product clavulactone a synthetic method based on the free radical cyclization and starting from sugar has been developed. In other title of PKC inhibited agent sphingosine a new synthetic route with SN2' as the key reaction has also been disclosed.

项目期间（1997-2000）在番荔枝内酯方面从糖出发合成了五个天然产物和一批手性纯的类似物，它们对肠癌细胞有很高的活性和选择性，并与构型有关；在唾液酸酶抑制剂方面发展了二类全新手性纯高碳糖的合成方法－杂原子D－A反应或丙炔基不对称加成为关键的反应；抗白血病海洋天然产物群柱虫内酯方面研究了由糖出发和自由基环化反应的合成方法；对PKC 起抑制作用的鞘氨醇方面也开创了新的合成途径－由糖出发并以SN2'反应为关键反应。

The characteristic of ABR is change water power characteristic and to improve the term of mass transfer in the reactor in order to increase the reaction velocity; and increase alkalinity to improve the capability of abirritation of the system through add Na2CO3 to reaction and a optimal pH condition which fit to acidic bacterium come into being. In result, the organic matters are removed efficiently in system.

异波折板水解酸化反应装置最大的特点是改变了水流特征，改善反应装置内酸化菌与基质之间的传质条件，以加快反应速率：同时在反应装置内加入碳酸钠，碳酸钠溶液作用在于提高反应装置内废水的碱度，增强系统的缓冲能力，把pH值控制在适合酸化菌生长的范围，充分发挥微生物的活性，使系统的有机去除能力大大提高。

In part one, the reactions of some active fluorine-containing compounds such as 2, 2-dihydropolyfluoroalkanoic acids and ethyl 2-hydropolyfluoroalkenoates were studied and various fluorine-containing heterocyclic compounds were synthesized. Using 2, 2-dihydropolyfluoroalkanoic acids as the starting material, 4-fluoroalkyl quinolin-2-ols, 2- [ -1-hydropolyfluoro-1-alkenyl] -4H-3, 1-benzoxazin-4-ones, 1-aryl -4, 9-dihydro-3-fluoro-alkyl-1H-pyrazo [3, 4-b] quinolin-4-ones, 5-fluoroalkyl-12H-quin olino [2, 1-b] quinazolin-12-ones, 4-fluoroalkyl-1, 3-dihydro-1, 5-benzodiazepin-2-ones and 4-fluoroalkyl-2H-pyrido [1, 2-a] pyrimidin-2-ones were synthesized through its condensation reaction with anilines, anthranilic acid, N'-aryl-o-aminobenzamides, o-nitro aniline, o-amino pyridine and their derivatives and the subsequent transformations. 5-Fluoroalkyl isoxazolidines, 3-fluoro-3-fluoroalkylisoxazolidino [4, 3-c] quinolin-4-ones, 3-fluoroalkylisoxazolino [4, 3-c] quinolin-4-ones and 2-aryl-3per fluoroacylindoles were synthesized by inter-and intramolecular 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition of fluorine-containing olefins and nitrones.

第二部分，我们研究了α，α-二氟苄基卤类化合物的亚磺化脱卤反应、产物的转化及全氟烷基亚磺酸盐与芳环化合物的全氟烷基化反应，发现全氟苄基碘或溴及α，α一二氟苄基溴在保险粉等亚磺化脱卤试剂引发下可生成相应的亚磺酸盐；全氟苄基亚磺酸盐与氯气或溴反应可生成全氟苄基磺酰氯或磺酰溴；在烯烃存在下，全氟苄基碘则与烯烃发生加成反应，生成相应的1：1加成产物；在三价醋酸锰的作用下，部分芳香化合物如茴香醚，二甲氧基苯，吡啶，喹啉等可以和过量的全氟烷基亚磺酸盐发生双全氟烷基化反应，反应表现出一定的区域选择性，产率良好。

In this dissertation, I will represent my studies on the nitration of Chalcone derivatives, reaction of epoxide ketone, and the aromatization of 3,5-disubstitued 2-isoxazolines with nitric oxide.

本文主要研究了：(1)NO与查尔酮及其衍生物的硝化反应，反应以较高的产率得到了a-硝基化合物；(2)NO对环氧酮的开环反应，反应生成了顺式羟基硝酸酯；(3)3，5-二取代的-2-异恶唑啉在NO作用下可以发生芳环化反应，生成了对应的2-异恶唑化合物。

When the concentration of MAH is higher than that of St, some MAH monomer reacts with St to form SMA, others can directly grafts onto PP macroradicals. When the amount of St added is higher than that of MAH, part of St monomer may preferentially react with PP macroradicals to form more stable styryl macroradicals, while others copolymerize with MAH, yielding SMA. MFR of the grafted PP is lower in this case. It is considered that MFR of the grafted PP is decided by concentration of free monomers, or, number of grafting reactive species. FTIR analysis confirmed the above mechanism.

当MAH单体用量多于St单体时，一部分MAH单体与St反应生成SMA，另一部分可直接与PP大分子自由基进行接枝反应；当St单体用量多于MAH单体时，除与MAH反应生成SMA之外的St单体可先与PP大分子自由基反应，并起到稳定PP自由基的作用，这时接枝物的MFR较小，亦即接枝物的MFR与体系中可进行接枝反应的活性种数目有关。

This dissertation is mainly focused on the reactivity of methylenecyclopropanes and comprises six parts. 1 The reactions of methylenecyclopropanes with phenylsulfenyl chloride, phenylselenyl chloride and diphenyl diselenide; 2 The coupling reactions of the ring-opening products derivated from methylenecyclopropanes; 3 The palladium-catalyzed ring-enlargement of mono-aryl group substituted methylenecyclopropanes to cyclobutenes. 4 The gold-catalyzed domino ring-opening and ring-closing hydroamination of methylenecyclopropanes with sulfonamides; 5 The Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions of mono-aryl group substituted methylenecyclopropanes with diethyl ketomalonate in the presence of water; 6 The iodobenzene diacetate mediated novel 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of methylenecyclopropanes, vinylidenecyclopropanes, and methylenecyclobutane with phthalhydrazine.

本论文主要研究了亚甲基环丙烷类化合物的一些化学反应性能，共由以下六部分组成：1、亚甲基环丙烷类化合物与苯硫氯、苯硒氯及二苯基二硒的反应；2、亚甲基环丙烷类化合物开环产物的偶联反应；3、单芳基取代的亚甲基环丙烷类化合物在钯催化剂作用下的扩环反应；4、金化合物催化磺酰胺对亚甲基环丙烷类化合物的串联开环关环氨氢化反应；5、路易斯酸催化亚甲基环丙烷类化合物与丙酮二羧酸二乙酯在有水存在下的反应；6、醋酸碘苯促进的亚甲基环丙烷类化合物、亚乙烯基环丙烷类化合物及亚甲基环丁烷类化合物与邻苯二甲酰肼的新型1，3-偶极环加成反应。

The thesis also discussed the synthetic influence of above factors on dynamic diagenesis in detail and graded dynamic diagenesis into three types, which were respectively thermally dynamic diagenesis, tectonically dynamic diagenesis and hydrokinetic diagenesis, and then the types of diagenesis controlled by dynamic factors had been studied: 1 thermally dynamic diagenesis, clarified the ration relationship by the conception of the thermally evolving track and the thermally maturity, 2 tectonically dynamic diagenesis, changed the porosity of reservoir mainly by tectonically movement;3 . hydrokinetic diagenesis, changed the physical and chemical properties resist-press intensity of the rock by the participating of liquid.

在研究以上控制因素的基础上，将成岩动力作用分为热动力、构造动力、流体动力成岩作用三种类型：1、热动力成岩作用，运用热演化轨迹和热成熟度的概念研究与成岩作用之间的定量关系，砂岩孔隙度随热成熟度增加而呈指数减小；2、构造动力成岩作用，盆地构造变形可以使砂岩的孔隙体积在相对短的时间内产生明显的变化，构造滑脱推覆作用比水平侧向挤压作用压实减孔量小，可保留更多的孔隙度；3、流体动力成岩作用，化学成岩反应是在流体参与下完成的，它改变了岩石的物理化学性质，改变了岩石的抗压强度。

The experimental results showed that, monochloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation activity, but trichloroacetic acid did not improve it. The amount of produced H_2 increases almost proportionally to the irradiation time within 5 h irradiation. The photocatalytic oxidation of monochloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid mainly produced CO_2, HC1 and CH_2O, the photocatalytic oxidation of trichloroacetic acid mainly produced CO_2 and HCl.

实验表明，一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸的存在明显地提高了制氢反应效率，而三氯乙酸的存在却不能起到促进作用；反应5h内，反应生成氢的量与反应时间成线性关系；一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸光降解产物主要是CO_2、HCl和CH_2O，三氯乙酸光降解产物主要是CO_2和HCl；研究了溶液pH值对放氢反应的影响；在实验浓度范围内，一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸浓度对放氢反应的影响，表观上符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood关系式；考察了一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸在光催化剂表面的吸附。

The present dissertation deals with:(1) Exploring the feasibility of the CO〓 methanation and the conversion CH〓/H〓 into C〓 hydrocarbons under plasma with catalyst at ambient temperature and atmosphere.(2) Designing a reactor and preparing some catalysts suited for the conversion of carbon dioxide via the cooperation effect of plasma and catalysts.(3) Optimizing reaction conditions of conversion carbon dioxide to C〓 hydrocarbons in the proposed process.(4) Studying the reaction mechanism of conversion carbon dioxide to C〓 hydrocarbons under plasma by using in situ OES technology.(5) By the results of characterizing coked catalysts, exploring the reasons that result in the coking of catalyst and the paths for decreasing the deposit in the catalyst under plasma.(6) Analyzing the energy efficiency of the plasma catalysis and exploring the paths for improving the energy efficiency.

论文的主要研究工作包括：（1）探索脉冲电晕等离子体与催化剂共同作用CO〓／H〓甲烷化和由CH〓/H〓合成C〓烃反应的可行性；（2）研制等离子体催化CO〓转化的反应器和适配的催化剂；（3）优化等离子体催化CO〓转化制C〓烃反应的工艺条件和电参数；（4）利用原子发射光谱原位技术对等离子体反应的诊断结果，对等离子体催化CO〓转化制C〓烃反应的机理进行推断；（5）通过对积碳催化剂的表征结果，分析积碳的类型及其成因，并探讨减少积碳的途径；（6）通过对等离子体催化CO〓转化制C〓烃反应能量效率的分析，探讨提高等离子体催化反应能量效率的途径。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。