反应作用

The results indicate that improving temperature to reflux, using low polarity solvent as dispersion medium and proper molar ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to stearic acid can bring out good modification. The function of tetrabutyl titanate is to react with the surface hydroxyl groups and adsorbed H2O on the powder particles to produce new binding sites such as M—O—Ti—OC4H9and M—O—Ti—OH, which can easily react with the carboxylic acid. As temperature increases from room temperature to reflux temperature, the reactions between RCOO- and Ti change from coordinate bonds to covalent bonds, which makes the carbon chains of stearic acids more strongly bound with the powder particles surface.

研究结果表明，提高处理温度、适当增加复合改性剂中硬脂酸的量并选用极性弱的有机溶剂可达到比较理想的改性效果；钛酸四丁酯的作用是与粉体粒子表面的羟基以及吸附水反应产生偶联点，如M—O—Ti—OH，这些偶联点易于与羧酸反应；在低温时RCOO-与偶联点的Ti之间以配合物的形式发生作用，在回流温度下处理时，主要发生酯化反应，使硬脂酸更牢固地嫁接到粉体粒子表面，改性效果更好。

The reaction of α-hydroxyketone with Michael acceptor nitroalkene.was studied. After many experiments, we then found that in the presence of Zn2 and cinchonine, the α-hydroxyketone could successfully react with nitroalkene. Under our optimized condition, we gained the 95% yield of product with the ratio of syn : anti of 3:1 and 72% ee value for syn-product.

有机碱作用下α－羟基酮对硝基烯烃的加成反应研究研究了α－羟基酮类化合物与Michael受体硝基烯烃类化合物的反应，通过分析和实验发现在Zn2和辛可宁的作用下α－羟基苯乙酮能够与硝基烯烃化合物顺利反应，在优化的条件下以95%产率和3：1的Dr主要得到顺式产物，其中顺式产物的ee值最高为72%。

Thirdly, a new type base isolation system, i. e., slide-limited friction base isolation system is presented in this paper. Based on this system, harmonic and subharmonic periodic response of S-LF subjected to harmonic motion is investigated by using Floquet theory. Dynamic response of sliding structure subjected to earthquake ground motion is calculated with a precise high order direct integration method, and the numerical results are presented in terms of maximum acceleration response spectra of supcrstructure and maximum sliding displacement response spectrum. By comparison with isolating effects of pure-friction base isolation system and resilient-friction base isolation system , it shows that the isolating characteristic of S-LF is superior to P-F and R-FBI. Through analyzing an engineering example, it is observed that the maximum inter-storey shear force and absolute acceleration of sliding structure to earthquake ground motion are very different from those of traditional structures.

提出了一种新型基础隔震模型，即带限位装置的摩擦隔震体系；基于此隔震模型，利用Floquet理论研究地面谐运动下S-LF结构的运动特性；并利用高精度的精细时程积分法，通过对地震作用下S-LF动力响应的计算，绘制了上部结构最大加速度反应谱和基底最大滑移量反应谱，并研究了各种结构参数对隔震的影响；通过与恢复力摩擦隔震系统和纯摩擦力滑移隔震系统的比较表明，S-LF的隔震性能优于P-F和R-FBI；对计算实例的分析发现，地震作用下S-LF结构的层间最大剪力和最大绝对加速度反应分布较一般传统结构有很大区别。

Dynamic response of sliding structure subjected to earthquake ground motion is calculated with a precise high order direct integration method, and the numerical results are presented in terms of maximum acceleration response spectra of supcrstructure and maximum sliding displacement response spectrum. By comparison with isolating effects of pure-friction base isolation system and resilient-friction base isolation system , it shows that the isolating characteristic of S-LF is superior to P-F and R-FBI. Through analyzing an engineering example, it is observed that the maximum inter-storey shear force and absolute acceleration of sliding structure to earthquake ground motion are very different from those of traditional structures.

提出了一种新型基础隔震模型，即带限位装置的摩擦隔震体系；基于此隔震模型，利用Floquet理论研究地面谐运动下S-LF结构的运动特性；并利用高精度的精细时程积分法，通过对地震作用下S-LF动力响应的计算，绘制了上部结构最大加速度反应谱和基底最大滑移量反应谱，并研究了各种结构参数对隔震的影响；通过与恢复力摩擦隔震系统和纯摩擦力滑移隔震系统的比较表明，S-LF的隔震性能优于P-F和R-FBI；对计算实例的分析发现，地震作用下S-LF结构的层间最大剪力和最大绝对加速度反应分布较一般传统结构有很大区别。

PartⅡ: N-phosphoryl amino acids have many biomimic reactions and the co-participation of the three functional group of phosphoryl, carboxyl and theamino acids side chain are essential for these reactions to occur. To study themechanism and the intrinsic relationship of these three groups will enlight thestudy on the mechanism of enzymatic reaction, the origin of life and otherproblems in the life science.

第二部分：N-磷酰氨基酸的多种仿生化反应是磷酰基、羧基、和侧链基团协同作用的结果，对其反应机理的研究，将对生化反应和生命起源中磷的作用有着重要的意义。

The analysis of thermal behavior and chemical structure show that the three main reactions do not initiate simultaneously. Dehydrogenization and cyclization reactions begin at the initial stage of stabilization, while oxidation reaction takes place on the precondition of cyclization reaction. Cyclization reaction has induction period that is influenced by temperature and heating rate.

热分析和化学结构分析的结果表明，预氧化过程中的三大主要反应并非同时进行，脱氢反应和环化反应从预氧化初期开始，而氧化反应需要以环化反应为前提条件，随后进行；环化反应具有一定的诱导期；在氧化性气氛中，首先发生脱氢反应，氧对环化反应起到了阻碍作用，使整个过程顺利可控。

On the other hand, a method for the synthesis of-vinyl chalcogenides by the coupling of vinyl bromides with thiols or diphenyl diselenide using copper salts as catalysts in ionic liquids based on amino acids also has been described. The ionic liquids play multiple roles in the reaction: they act as solvent, base, and excellent promoter for the copper-catalyzed coupling reactions.

在新型的氨基酸负离子的离子液体中，开发了一个亚铜盐催化的Z-型溴代烯烃与硫族元素的交叉偶联反应，为立体选择性的制备Z-型烯基硫醚或烯基硒醚类化合物提供了一个新的方法；在此反应体系中，离子液体不仅起到了反应溶剂的作用，而且还起到了金属催化剂的配体和中和反应副产物的碱的作用。

The mathematic relationship between coking coal's characters and coke reactivity index and coke strength after reaction was studied.Main effect factors were analyzed by dynamics model formed by metaplast and mesophase.Taking metamorphic degree of coal, coal maceral, caking property, ash and the content of K_2O and CaO as independent variable, forecasting model was set up by the coking tests with 25 kinds of coals used in the industries.It concludes that exinite in coal makes CRI increase and CSR...

以研究炼焦煤性质与焦炭反应性、反应后强度之间的数学关系为目的，通过胶质体和中间相形成动力学解析导出模型的主要影响因子，以煤的变质程度、煤岩组成、粘结性、灰分及K2O和CaO含量等因素为自变量，由25种工业用煤的炼焦试验，建立出预测模型，并得出壳质组使反应性增大及反应后强度降低；K2O催化作用强于CaO，且两者的催化作用均随煤的变质程度不同而不同等重要结论。

Study result suggest: The change of stock in RFCCU directly affect gasoline content. Gasoline content can be reduced through increasing the equilibrium activity of catalyst, controlling reaction level, increasing recirculating rate of gasoline and stability of gasoline level. Conclusions drawn from experiment is that optimization of operating condition has great effect on lowering olefine content of gasoline which can be reduced from 60% to 50%.Reducing reaction temperature is useful for lowering olefine content of gasoline, when the reaction temperature is raised, thermal cracking rate is higher than catalytic cracking rate, so that olefine content is increased. Raising catalyst-to-oil ratio is good for lowering olefine content. With conversion rate increased, the yield of LPG and coke is raised, the yield of gasoline is increased firstly and then decreased slightly, hydrogen transfer index is increased, so the olefine content is decreased.

研究结果表明：催化裂化装置的原料的变化直接影响到催化汽油的烯烃含量；可以通过优化催化装置的操作条件来降低催化汽油中的烯烃含量，其中通过提高催化剂平衡活性、控制反应深度、增加汽油回炼量、汽油深度稳定可以降低催化汽油烯烃含量，优化工艺条件对降低催化汽油烯烃含量有较大作用，汽油烯烃含量由60％降至50％左右；降低反应温度有利于降低催化汽油的烯烃含量，当反应温度的提高，热裂化反应速度提高的幅度大于催化裂化反应速度提高的幅度，汽油烯烃含量增加；剂油比的提高有利于降低催化汽油的烯烃含量，转化率提高，液化气产率提高，汽油收率先增加后略有下降，焦炭产率增加，氢转移反应指数提高，汽油烯烃含量下降；反应时间对产品分布及汽油烯烃含量有影响，增加提升管反应时间，液化汽、汽油产率提高，干气和焦炭产率增加。

The aniline HDN was strongly stressed by the presence of quinoline and DHQ and the HDN of quinoline proceeds exclusively via a pathway which involves fully saturated intermediates on the MCM-41-supported nickel phosphides. The HDN activity of nickel phosphide catalyst was dramatically reduced by the presence of H2S and DBT, probably due to the strong adsorption of H_2S and DBT on active sites which inhibited the adsorption of quinoline.

喹啉和DHQ对苯胺的HDN反应有强烈的抑制作用，喹啉在磷化镍催化剂上几乎全部通过完全加氢饱和路径进行反应。H_2S和二苯并噻吩强烈地吸附在磷化镍催化剂活性中心上，阻碍了反应物分子的吸附，从而对喹啉的HDN反应有强烈的抑制作用。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。