反应作用

The research shows that In has activation to Al, making its corrosive potential decrease, and increasing the rate of H2-evolutive simultaneously. The affiliating of Zn leads In and Al to alloying, reducing the rate of H2-evolutive, and passivating aluminum. The adhibiting of Bi helps to activate Al electrode, but gets up the rate of H2-evolutive. The existent of Pb passivates Al anode, restraining the H2-evolutive availably. After compounding these elements, the general performances of complex alloys are advanced by their conjunct functions farther.

结果表明，铟对铝阳极有活化作用，使铝的腐蚀电位发生负移，但同时也会加大析氢副反应的速度；锌的加入促进了铟的合金化，减少富铟偏析相的形成，而且能极大地降低铝阳极的析氢反应速率，使其钝化；铋的引入有助铝阳极活化，但同时又会导致析氢速率的提高；铅的存在使铝阳极钝化，有效地抑制了析氢反应，但加大了阳极极化。

Fe2O3 acts as an activator more than a catalyst in the desulfurization reaction with lime. Fe2O3 acts as the "activation center" around which CaO particles are sulfurized. The new dispersal formation mode of product differs from the compact layer that used to be. And the pore structure of product layer on the surface of lime particles is optimized, which makes SO2 penetrate into core parts of lime more easily. As a result, the desulfurization reaction is developed deeper into the core parts of absorbent.

氧化铁所起的是改变石灰颗粒表层产物生成方式的活化作用，使反应生成物不会形成一个致密的外壳，而以氧化铁为活性中心进行硫化反应，形成了分散的硫酸钙产物堆积，改善了硫化过程中的表面孔隙结构，减少了石灰颗粒表面硫化产物层对反应气体向石灰颗粒内部扩散的阻力。

Fe2O3 acts as an activator more than a catalyst in the desulfurization reaction with lime. Fe2O3 acts as the "activation center" around which CaO particles are sulfurized. The new dispersal formation mode of product differs from the compact layer that used to be. And the pore structure of product layer on the surface of lime particles is optimized, which makes SO2 penetrate into core parts of lime more easily. As a result, the desulfurization reaction is developed deeper into the core parts of absorbent.

氧化铁所起的是改变石灰颗粒表层產物生成方式的活化作用，使反应生成物不会形成一个致密的外壳，而以氧化铁为活性中心进行硫化反应，形成了分散的硫酸钙產物堆积，改善了硫化过程中的表面孔隙结构，减少了石灰颗粒表面硫化產物层对反应气体向石灰颗粒內部扩散的阻力。

Bromo-2-sulfolene (2) reacted with substituted benzoic acid salt s 3a～3c or alizarin yellow (3d) to give four novel allylic substitution products 4a～4d by esterification reaction, respectively.

以3，4-二溴环戊砜(1)为原料，在无水吡啶作用下发生消除反应，得到反应中间体4-溴-2-环戊烯砜(2)，再分别与一系列取代苯甲酸盐3a～3c以及茜素黄GG(3d)发生酯化反应，合成出4种新环戊烯砜衍生物4a～4d，并用IR，1HNMR，MS，元素分析等表征了它们的结构。

Under catalysis of AlCl3, trans-1-chloro-3-phenyl-1-propen-3-one was first prepared using benzoyl chloride and acetylene in CH2Cl2 at 20~25℃, which the yield is 7% higher than that in CCl4 at 40~45℃.

通过对其反应条件的研究，首次用苯甲酰氯和乙炔在三氯化铝作用下合成出反－3-苯基－1-氯－1-丙烯－3-酮；并发现用二氯甲烷作介质在20~25℃下的反应产率，比用四氯化碳作介质在40~45℃下的反应产率约高7%。

The computational results indicate that surface catalytic combustion restrains gas phase combustion. Inlet velocity and tube diameters have important influence on catalytic combustion of hydrogen. For smaller inlet velocities,reaction is dominated by gas phase combustion. As the inlet velocity increases,there exist both surface catalytic combustion and gas phase combustion. For bigger inlet velocities,reaction is dominated by surface catalytic combustion. The temperature of flame core decreases with the decrease of tube diameter.

计算结果表明，表面催化反应对空间气相反应有抑制作用；入口速度和管径对氢气的催化燃烧过程有重要的影响，在入口速度较小时，燃烧主要是空间气相化学反应，随着入口速度的增大，燃烧过程同时存在着表面催化反应和空间气相反应两种控制因素，在入口速度较大时，燃烧主要是表面催化燃烧过程；随着管径的减小，微型管道内反应的最高温度降低。

The Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction is one of the most efficient methods for the construction of C-C bond.

Suzuki偶联反应是一种形成C—C键的有效方法，在有机合成中发挥着重要的作用。该反应具有反应条件温和、可适用多种活性官能团、受空间位阻影响不大、产率高以及芳基硼酸经济易得且对潮气不敏感等优点，因而得剑广泛应用。

The details are summarized as follows: 1.γ-irradiation is extended to control the morphology of microcrystals. In our experiments, copper acetate aqueous solution, a simple reaction system, is used at room temperature to prepare pure hexapod-shaped Cu〓O microcrystals, in which a buffer pair is in-situ formed to adjust the acidity of the reaction solution. Some important information on intermediate is obtained by changing the reaction parameter, which favors to reveal the inherent growth habit of Cu〓O.

发展了γ-射线辐照合成法对微晶的形貌的控制，在常温常压下从一个简单的反应体系——醋酸铜水溶液出发，通过辐照过程中原位产生的醋酸-醋酸根缓冲对的自发调节作用，控制反应体系的酸度从而合成得到了纯相的六足状氧化亚铜微晶；并通过改变反应参数，获得了中间体的信息，从而为揭示氧化亚铜的固有生长习性提供了条件。

This paper investigates the catalysis of D-72 strong acid cation exchange resin on the synthesis of acetals,and systematically discusses the influence of reaction factors on the catalysis reaction.

研究了强酸性阳离子交换树脂对缩醛合成反应的催化作用，系统地探讨了各反应因素对反应的影响，研究发现，D-72强酸性阳离子交换树脂具有较高的催化活性，并能重复使用。

The influences of environmental factors on the abiotic methylation were studied. The biggest production of methylmercury was found after 2 days of incubation in presence of FA. The rate of production of methylmercury depends upon temperature. In presence of FA from sediment, the biggest production of methylmercury was found under 40℃. In presence of FA from soil, production rate increases with temperature. The biggest production of methylmercury was found when solution pH was 2 and 4 in presence of FA from sediment and soil, respectively. Increase in concentrations of inorganic mercury and FA solution causes an increase in the production of methylmercury. Under irradiation with ultraviolet ray, blacklight lamp as well as natural light, methylation is stimulated, especial for irradiation of ultraviolet light.

环境条件对汞甲基化作用的影响研究得出，在底泥和土壤FA体系中甲基汞产量均在反应2天后达到最大值；在底泥FA体系中汞的甲基化在反应温度为40℃时产量最大，而在土壤FA体系中，甲基汞产量在10～60℃之间随反应温度升高而增加；底泥和土壤FA体系中汞的甲基化分别在pH值为2和4时最大；甲基汞产量均随无机汞浓度和腐殖质浓度的增加而增加；紫外线、黑光灯和自然光照射都可促进甲基汞的生成，紫外线的作用尤其明显。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。