反应体

In this dissertation, electrophilic reactions of Nitrosonium with imines, aza-Diels-Alder reactions of N-arylimines with a variety of electron rich olefinic compounds induced by NO~+, and photoreactions of N-nitrosodiphenylamine with aromatic amines were studied.

本文研究了：(1)NO~+与亚胺双健发生的亲电反应；(2)NO~+引发的芳香亚胺和富电子碳碳双键作为亲二烯体的氮杂Diels-Alder反应，高选择性地得到了一系列四氢喹啉的衍生物；(3)N—亚硝基二苯胺与芳香胺发生光化学反应得到了一系列偶氮苯类化合物。

Research progresses in the asymmetric addition of organozinc reagent s to imines in the recent decade are reviewed according to the kinds of chiral ligands.

亚胺的催化不对称加成反应是近年来不对称催化反应中的热点研究领域，从手性配体类型的角度总结了近10余年来有机锌试剂在亚胺不对称加成反应中的应用进展。

Several types of ligand reactions observed under hydrothermal condition were summed up:(1) hydrolysis of pyridine nitrile, aldehyde and ester in mixed water and alcohol into pyridine-carboxylate;(2) replacement of carboxylate group with sulfonic group;(3) coupling of phenanthroline by dehydrogen;(4) oxidative coupling of methanol into oxalic acid;(5) hydroxylation of isophthalate.

总结了以往在水热条件下观察到的几类配体反应：（1）吡啶腈、醛和酯在醇和水混合溶液中水解成吡啶羧酸；（2）磺基取代羧基反应；（3）邻菲啰啉的脱氢的聚合：（4）甲醇被氧化偶合生成草酸：（5）间苯二甲酸的羟基化反应。

Expanding pinacol reductive coupling reaction into asymmetric one with both diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity may lead to its application in synthesising medicaments and biologic active compounds with structure of vicinal diol. Asymmetric pinacol coupling reaction is also the most compact and effecient method in synthesizing chiral ligands or chiral auxiliary with C〓 symmetry.

将这一反应发展成为既有高度的非对映选择性，又有高度对映选择性的不对称偶联反应在合成许多含有手性邻二醇结构的药物或生物活性物质将有更重要的应用，同时不对称Piancol偶联反应也是合成C〓对称性的邻二醇多用途手性配体或手性助剂的最为简捷有效的方法。

Nevertheless, the yield of pinacol was also strongly affected by the steric environment surrounding the carbonyl group. The pinacol coupling of aromatic aldehydes has been achieved with high yields under such a condition. However, the diastereose-lectivities of pinacols were not satisfying. Unfortunately, the ketones and most aliphatic aldehydes appeared inert under the same reaction conditions.

然而， 呐偶合反应的产率受到羰基周围环境的立体位阻影响较大，在此条件下，锌粉能有效地促进芳香族醛类化合物进行水相呐偶合反应，得到的呐醇产率高，但非对映异构体选择性差，而脂肪族醛类化合物得到的呐醇产率较低，在同样的条件下，酮类化合物不能顺利进行呐偶合反应。

Following resolution, the following steps are performed: reduce the isomer to an alcohol, react the alcohol with triphenylmethyl chloride, ozonalyze the resulting reaction product, reduce the ozonalyzed product to yield a diol and react the diol with a methane sulfonyl compound to form-3-2-{(methylsulfonyloxy}ethoxy-4--1-butanol methane sulfonate.

拆分后，进行下一步：将异构体还原为醇，使醇与三苯基甲基氯反应，臭氧化所得反应产物，还原臭氧化产物以得到一种二醇并使所述二醇与甲烷磺酰基化合物反应以形成-3-2-{(甲基磺酰基氧}乙氧基-4--1-丁醇甲烷磺酸酯。

First, the geometry optimization for 1-phenyldibenzophosphole and triphenylphosphine were carried out using quantum chemical AM1 method.

用量子化学AM1方法优化了1-苯基二苯并膦和三苯基膦的几何构型，比较了两种化合物的电子结构和空间结构，发现PDBP作为羰基合成铑膦催化剂的配体要优于三苯基膦；系统研究了PDBP的合成方法，其最佳合成条件为：在无水无氧的条件下，采用二乙胺锂与溴化四苯基膦摩尔比为3，反应温度为22 ℃，反应5 h，反应后酸化， pH值为1～2，产物收率可达到85％～88％。

Mesoporous zincum sulfide is synthesized by gentle wet chemosynthesis method, with DDA as templates and Zinc acetate and TAA as precursors. The effect to the synthesis of the ratio of reactive components, the volume of pH, reactive time and reactive temperature has been dicussed systematically, and structures of the as-synthesized samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectra, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy.

以十二胺为模板，醋酸锌及硫代乙酰胺为前驱体，温和湿化学法合成了硫化锌无序介孔结构，系统研究了反应物配比、pH值、反应温度、反应时间对材料合成的影响，运用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、扫描电镜、红外光谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、透射电镜等分析手段对介孔材料的结构进行了详细的表征。

The Aphos-Pd_2 system was proved very efficient for the coupling of alkyl boranes and the results are collected in Chapter 4.At the temperature of 50℃,a variety of aryl chlorides successfully coupled with alkyl boranes as well.

该类型配体对烷基硼试剂与溴代芳烃和烯烃的Suzuki偶联反应有着很好的效果，并且被成功地用于一系列氯代芳烃的反应，但反应温度为50℃。

Enynes with an aryl ring at the alkyne give 2,3,9,9a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopentanaphthalenes by a 5-exo-dig cyclization followed by a Friedel-Crafts-type ring expansion.

带有芳环的1，6-二烯体和炔作用，并通过5-exo-dig路径环化，再紧接着Friedel-Crafts扩环，可以得到2，3，9，9a-四羟基-1H-环戊二烯并萘。6-endo-dig途径的环化在一些例子中作为副反应被观察到，尽管，这在一些具体的反应中，是作为主反应出现的。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。