反应体

Generally speaking, the reaction types involvingα-oxoketene--acetals mainly include the regioselective addition-aromatization with organometallic reagents, conjugate addition-cyclization with nitrogen nucleophilicspecies, nucleophilic reactions ofα-carbon, acting as odorless dithiol equivalentsin thioacetalization, Michael additions and [5+1] annulation, as well as the synthetic applications based on the above reactions.

一般来说，基于α-羰基二硫缩烯酮化学的反应主要为：与金属有机试剂的选择性加成反应，与氮亲核体的共轭加成反应，α-碳原子的亲核性及相关反应，烷硫基作为硫醇的替代试剂的应用，α-羰基二硫缩烯酮在碳环、杂环化合物合成中的应用等。

The effects of the composition of catalyst (the structure and amount of bident ligand and strong acid, the cocatalytic activity of Cu〓, the roles of methanol and phenol etc.) and the copolymerization condition (the reaction time, temperature, amount of ST and CO, the structure and amount of solvent etc.) on catalytic activity were studied. The principle of the copolymerization was investigated.

研究了催化体系组成（含氮双齿配体的结构与用量、强酸的结构与用量、铜盐的助催化作用、甲醇和酚类化合物作用等）和共聚反应条件（共聚反应的温度与时间、溶剂种类与用量、苯乙烯与一氧化碳量等）对溶液共聚反应的催化活性的影响，探索溶液聚合反应规律。

The effects of the composition of catalyst (the structure and amount of bident ligand and strong acid, the cocatalytic activity of Cu〓, the roles of methanol and phenol etc.) and the copolymerization condition (the reaction time, temperature, amount of ST and CO, the structure and amount of dilution reagent etc.) on catalytic activity were studied in detail. Also the optimum copolymerization condition was chosen.

深入考察了催化体系组成（含氮双齿配体的结构与用量、强酸的结构与用量、铜盐的助催化作用、醇类与酚类化合物的作用等）和沉淀共聚反应条件（共聚反应的温度与时间、稀释剂结构与用量、苯乙烯与一氧化碳量等）对该共聚反应的催化活性的影响，优化共聚反应的聚合条件。

It is demonstrated that the chiral quaternary ammonium salts catalysts exhibit promising catalytic properties for the substrate. Part III: The synthesis and the characterizing of the macroporous aminomethyl resin-supported cinchona alkaloid complexes and the study on its catalytic properties The part consists of two subsections. the macroporous aminomethyl resin -supported cinchona alkaloid complexes were synthesized by the stuff (cinchonine, quinine and macroporous aminomethyl resin). Their structures were characterized by means of elemental analysis, XPS, TG/DTA; the chiral polymer-supported complexes were first used as catalysts for the reduction of ketones. Their catalytic properties for the reduction processes were investigated. The comparison of the products e.e., the conversion of the substrate among different reduction processes was employed with determined by HPLC. The effects of the time, the temperature, the ratio of catalyst to substrate, reaction solvent as well as the recycle times were also discussed.

第三章聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯负载金鸡纳碱金属络合物的合成与表征及其不对称催化性能研究本章分为两节，以辛可宁和奎宁及聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯为原料，合成了4种聚-4-氨甲基苯乙烯负载金鸡纳碱络合物催化剂，并对它们的结构用元素分析、X-射线光电子能谱、TG/DTA等几种测试手段进行了表征；首次将所合成的手性高分子负载的金属络合物用于催化芳香酮不对称还原反应，详细研究了所得的手性高分子负载的金属络合物对不同底物的催化性能，用HPLC等分析手段定量检测了还原过程的底物转化率及其产物对映异构体选择性，并考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂和底物投料比、反应溶剂和循环次数对催化性能的影响。

The results show that the microscopical pore structure of the three dimensional orthogonal woven carbon fabric structure perform is composed of body-centered cubes which arranged periodically at spaces. The net structure and shape of the pores of perform are determined by the size and proration of the fasciculus diameter, which are key factors influencing the gaseous permeability and final density of composites. Once the proration of the fasciculus diameters of different directions is determined, the trend of diversification of the permeability followed by pore rate during CVI process and the density of composites are stated, and the permeability increases with the increase of the fasciculus diameter.

研究结果表明：三维正交结构炭纤维预制体的宏观孔隙结构在空间上可以看成是由呈周期性排列的体心立方"晶胞"构成； X ， Y 和 Z 3个方向纤维束直径大小及比例关系决定三维正交结构炭纤维预制体宏观孔隙网络的结构和形状，也是决定反应气体在孔隙中的比渗透率和复合材料最终致密度的重要因素；当 X ， Y 和 Z 3个方向纤维束直径的比例关系一定时，不同预制体在CVI增密过程中比渗透率随孔隙率变化的趋势相同；复合材料的最终致密度一定；比渗透率随纤维束直径增大而略有增大。

According to the electrophilic substitution of α-Allocryptopin by ICl, it can be suggested that there are competitions of n-donors (such as N and O atom occurred in alkaloid or solvent molecules) with the conjugated π system in alkaloid molecule for iodine monochloride when charge-transfer complexes are formed, which may block the formation of pre-reactive π-complex intermediate, and thus suppress the electrophilic substitution.

这一方法标记过程简便，标记产物富集于有机相，易于进一步纯化，其放射化学纯度接近95%，标记率超过70%；ICl与α-别隐品碱的亲电碘化反应结果表明，生物碱底物或溶剂分子中的N、O等n电子给体可能与亲电试剂形成电荷转移络合物，竞争芳香亲电取代反应π络合物反应前体的形成，从而抑制碘化反应的发生。

For intramolecular electron transfer reactions in solution,the fluctuations of the intramolecular vibrational modes are much faster than that of solvent mode.Thus,the reaction-diffusion equation is commonly used to describe the motion of solvent,with a sink function to treat the vibrational high-frequency mode.Based on this theory-so -called the Sumi-Marcus theory,we proposed an imaginary-time split operator approach to solve the reaction-diffusion equation.The approach is applied to evaluate the intermolecular ET rate between oxazine 1 and N,N-dimethlaniline.By measuring the two average survival times of the donor state probability and the rate constant in long time limit,the full kinetics of the ET is revealed with a variety of sink functions.

对于扩散控制的溶液中的电子转移反应，分子内振动模的运动比溶剂运动快很多，Sumi-Marcus理论提出用反应扩散方程(reaction-diffusion equation)处理溶剂的扩散运动，而分子内的振动用sink函数来表示，我们基于此理论发展了用虚时间分裂算符的方法(imaginary-time Split operator approach)解反应扩散方程，并将其应用于嗪1(oxazine 1，OX1)和N，N-二甲基苯胺分子之间的电子转移反应，Sink函数采用几种不同的微扰表达式，通过计算得到给体几率衰减的两种平均速率和长时间极限下的速率常数，揭示了该体系电子转移过程中的一些动力学性质。

Whenpyridine was used as reductive decomposing agent, the expecting cholest-4-en-3,6-dione-22-al was obtained. However, when Zn/HOAc was used to decomposethe ozonide, C-4,5 double bond was further reduced to give cholest-3,6-dione-22-al as main product. 2 For the side-chain construction of compound (1), the solid-liquid phase-transfer Wittig reaction was used. When (3-methyl-2-oxobutyl)-triphenylarsonium bromide was used as reagent, the reaction can be carried out inmild reaction condition and the yield is higher than that when phosphorane wasused.

但使用Zn／HOAc作为分解剂时，却得到其氢化产物胆甾-3， 6-二酮-22-醛；2在甾体支链引入过程中，采用固-液相转移Wittig反应的方法，用(3-甲基)-2-氧丁基三苯基溴化胂作为试剂，反应在非常温和的条件下便可完成，而且产率比传统采用膦烷的方法更高；3在对某些甾酮化合物的选择性还原反应研究时，发现在〓还原体系中，当加入某些金属离子后，反应有更好的区域选择性和立体选择性。

From the perfusion experiments with isolated rabbit heart and vessels were obtained the follow- ing results:(1)Potassium antimony tartrate produced depression of the isolated rabbit heart,and this depressant action became more marked when the pH of the solution was raised from the original value of 5.4 to that of 7.2;(2)At the same pH levels,the cardiac action of the potassium salt was slightly stronger than that of the corresponding sodium salt;(3)The slight vase-dilator effect of potass- ium anti...

从离体器官的灌注实验得到下列结果：(1)酒石酸锑钾对离体兎心有抑制作用，将其pH 从5.4调整到7.2时，作用亦随以增加。(2)在相同 pH 时，酒石酸锑钾的心臓抑制作用较酒石酸锑钠略强。(3)酒石酸锑钾对离体兎耳血管的轻微扩张作用，系由于该药溶液的微酸性反应，当将药液 pH 调整至7后即无作用。(4)对于离体兎肺血管则不问 pH 为4.8或7，均产生轻微的血管收缩作用。

It comprises the body, cover and fixing piece, heating stove and temperature controller, magnetic driven pulsator and rotate speed controller, pressure testing device, safety device, valve, tube.

包括高压反应釜的釜体、釜盖和紧固件，加热炉及温度控制器，磁力驱动搅拌器和转速控制器，压力测量装置，安全防爆装置，用于取样和通气的阀门、管道，在反应釜内、外加装了一套或者多套内置式反应罐和/或外置式反应罐。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。