反射率

By using the continuous observational data of air,radiation and soil from two sites of automatic weather station at Gaize and Shiquanhe on the western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the period from October 1997 to November 1998,the diurnal variations of surface albedo in summer and winter are analyzed.

根据1997年10月至1998年11月青藏高原西部改则和狮泉河两个自动气象站连续观测的大气、辐射和土壤资料，在分析高原西部地面反射率冬、夏季日变化特征的基础上，重点研究了地面反射率与土壤和大气若干重要因子(如土壤湿度、土壤温度、空气相对湿度、空气温度)的关系。

The FT-IR spectra and heat reflectivity of the coatings were studied in order to characterize the heat insulation.

采用太阳热反射率和红外光反射率表征了涂料的隔热性能。

Saturation refers to the purity of the color, if a mass spectrum in a light reflectance high, and on other band of light in a very low reflectivity or not, this color purity.

饱和度是指颜色的纯度，如果一物体对光谱中某一波段光的反射率高，而对其他波段光的反射率很低或没有，则此色的纯度就高。

Upset of 0 to 75 degrees of Morpho micro-structure, analyse different optics of angle change, Morpho printed off to transfer to is it greater than from 0 to 45°corner 90% high person who reflect but 60 produce scattering phenomenon to 75°reflect to demonstrate.

将Morpho微结构作0至75度翻转，分析不同角度的光学变化，转印出的Morpho从 0至45°角呈现出大於90％高反射率但60至75°反射率则产生散射现象。

Using this optimal value,satisfying output power and extinction-ratio can be achieved.

结果表明，光纤出光端面的反射率存在一个最佳值，再配合适当的双色镜反射率，能使多波长输出的功率和消光比达到很好的均衡。

The following results are made from this research: Assessing data quality and band combination of different bands in line with geo-target features in desertification areas, and determining basic bands for desertification monitoring. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo-targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral-integrated-form-based classification method can remove the phenomenon of "different spectrum with same objects" resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo-target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflectionratio. It is suggested that "red edge" range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel-based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. The remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed.

研究结果如下：首先针对荒漠化地区的地物特征，对高光谱数据不同波段的数据质量、波段组合进行了评价，提出了适用于荒漠化监测的基本波段选择集；初步了解和掌握了研究地区的地物光谱特性及变异规律，进一步明确了掌握地物光谱特征和变异规律是用成像光谱仪数据提取地物信息的基础；发现了基于光谱整体形状的分类方法在很大程度上能够消除由于传感器、地物目标观测方向之间的角度变化引起的反射率曲线整体平移的"同物异谱"现象，对于谱形相似而整体反射率的值相差较大的两类地物，通过引入均值和方差图像参与分类得到解决；研究还表明在植被"红边"范围内的波段是进行荒漠化监测的主要特征波段，这些波段与植被生物量和盖度都有密切的关系，是开展精细植被分类研究和植被定量反演的重要基础；像元的导数光谱分析可以消除土壤背景的影响，是进行植被生物量和盖度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化监测主要评价因子的定量反演模型，并分析了模型的适用性。

The results show that the C/W multilayers have smooth surface and well-defined sharp interfaces.No crystallization was found to exist in all constituent amorphous C and W layers.The reflectivity of the multilayer is about 6% at an incident angle of 44.2° and a wavelength of 5.9 nm.

而更短波长的正入射多层膜制作技术尤为困难，反射率很低，例如，在5 nm~10 nm范围内，所获得的多层膜的最高反射率为40%(λ=9·4 nm，θ=13·6°)[3]，在水窗波段2·3 nm~4·4 nm，可做到29%(λ=4·4 nm，θ=26°)，更短的波段1·4 nm~2·4 nm，可以做到0·1%λ=1·4

The following results are made from this research: Assessing data quality and band combination of different bands in line with geo-target features in desertification areas, and determining basic bands for desertification monitoring. And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo-targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo-targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral-integrated-form-based classification method can remove the phenomenon of "different spectrum with same objects" resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo-target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflectionratio. It is suggested that "red edge" range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel-based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. The remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed.

研究结果如下：首先针对荒漠化地区的地物特征，对高光谱数据不同波段的数据质量、波段组合进行了评价，提出了适用于荒漠化监测的基本波段选择集；初步了解和掌握了研究地区的地物光谱特性及变异规律，进一步明确了掌握地物光谱特征和变异规律是用成像光谱仪数据提取地物信息的基础；发现了基于光谱整体形状的分类方法在很大程度上能够消除由于传感器、地物目标观测方向之间的角度变化引起的反射率曲线整体平移的&同物异谱&现象，对于谱形相似而整体反射率的值相差较大的两类地物，通过引入均值和方差图像参与分类得到解决；研究还表明在植被&红边&范围内的波段是进行荒漠化监测的主要特征波段，这些波段与植被生物量和盖度都有密切的关系，是开展精细植被分类研究和植被定量反演的重要基础；像元的导数光谱分析可以消除土壤背景的影响，是进行植被生物量和盖度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化监测主要评价因子的定量反演模型，并分析了模型的适用性。

In the case of 10% reflectivity, less than 3.7ns with 8.6:1 pulse-compression ratio has been observed. As our acknowledgement, that is the first reported.In addition, a new type of phase conjugator using tapered fiber is designed, which combined the higher reflectivity of small core-diameter fiber and higher damage threshold of large core-diameter fiber.

为了获得更高的能量反射率和稳定性，我们自行设计了一种新型的锥度光纤，并应用于LD泵浦的双通放大DPL系统中；实验表明：应用锥度光纤相位共轭器可以获得高达85％的能量反射率和90％的相对稳定度。

We measured the light transmittance, reflectance and photosynthetic capacity of leaves of Mikania micrantha and 19 other species of plants (herbal and woody sp.) in the same community. M. micrantha and other plants were similar in transmittance and reflectance spectra and showed no apparent differences in the relation between leaf-optical and photosynthetic-related in the same community.

该文对薇甘菊及其所在群落内19种植物的叶片透射率、反射率和光合特征指标进行了测定，结果表明：薇甘菊与其它植物透射和反射图谱的变化趋势都比较相近，在各个光学特征指标与光合相关指标的相互关系中，薇甘菊并没有表现出区别于同一群落内其它植物的特征。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。