反射率

In the thesis, we use R-Soft program to find the appropriate photonic crystal structure which can replace laser cleaved mirror and provide high reflectivity as high as 71% for 980 nm laser. Furthermore, we replace mirror with air bridge mirror in order to prevent light from escaping below photonic crystal. Then we observe whether it can provide higher reflectivity.

本论文利用R-Soft软体来对二维光子晶体做模拟，找出适当的二维光子晶体排列，能对於波长980 nm雷射提供高的反射率，以使光子晶体能取代一般的雷射的劈裂镜面，制作反射率高达71%的雷射镜面，另外，更进一步将镜面改为空桥式镜面，以避免光从有限深光子晶体下方散逸，来研究是否能提供更高的反射率。

The replica material used in this study is Polydimethylsiloxane. The enlargement of replica compared to original size is 2.34%. Since PDMS is transparent, a layer of metal should be sputtered on its surface to measure optical characteristic, however the accuracy will be affected by the metal coated. The result assumes that Sternocera aquisignata, Chrysochroa rajah and Catoxantha opulenta may have one-dimensional photonic crystal structure. The fabrication of quasi-structure with elytra from Buprestid can promote the applications in the field of photonic structure and optical components.

经PDMS翻印的结果，最小仅增加原始尺寸的2.34%，翻印结果良好，但因翻印结果需镀上一层材料，使得镀上的材料严重影响结构的反射率，造成结构不同反射率也类似的情形，将结构刻画在不需镀金的材料上，将可防止镀上材料影响反射率的问题，并将所制成之结构用於防伪、光子结构研究和光学元件上。

According to the boundary relations of the electromagnetic field, and based on the phenomena of double refraction and double reflection in crystals, the reflectivity and transmissivity are deduced at boundary when an extraordinary beam is incident from an isotropic medium upon a crystal or from a crystal to an isotropic medium with optical ax.

为分析非常偏振光在晶体表面的能量损耗，给出一种求解反射率和透射率的方法，即根据电磁场的边值关系以及晶体的双折射和双反射现象，求解晶体光轴在入射面内时，非常偏振光从各向同性介质入射到晶体和从晶体出射到各向同性介质两种情况的反射率和透射率的方法，并给出反射率和透射率的解析解，同时得到对于晶体光轴在入射面内的情况，光轴的取向对非常偏振光反射率的大小几乎没有影响，但对产生全反射的临界角θc影响较大的结论。

There are three categories of maturity indicators of organic matter in current petroleum industry to evaluate the degree of thermal evolution for source rocks, including: 1 optical indicators, i.e., vitrinite reflectance, bitumen reflectance, sporopollen color and thermal alteration index, conodont color alteration index, and reflectance of fossil fragments; 2 chemical indicators, i.e., the maximum temperature in pyrolysis of organic matter, methyl phenanthrene indicator, the atomic ratio of H/C, carbon isotope indicator, and biomarker indicators; 3 indicators of spectroscopy, i.e., the free radical concentration of kerogen, the average structural scale of aromatic nucleus of kerogen, and the laser-Raman spectrum of organic carbon.

摘 要：当前常用的有机质成熟度指标包括3大类：1 光学指标，包括镜质体反射率、沥青反射率、孢粉颜色、热变指数(thermal alteration index， TAI)、牙形石色变指数(color alteration index， CAI)和生物碎屑反射率；2 化学指标，包括有机质最大热解峰温度、甲基菲指数(methyl phenanthrene indicator， MPI)、H/C原子比值、碳同位素指标和生物标志物指标；3 谱学指标，包括干酪根的自由基浓度、干酪根芳核平均结构尺寸和有机碳激光拉曼光谱。

The suspended sediment exponent model and quadratic inversion model solving spectrum reflectance, spectrum reflectance mean value and reflectance first-order derivative are established respectively, based on the analysis of spectrum characteristics. The results showed that the 900 nm wavelength exponent model can accurately quantitatively inverse the suspended sediment concentrations.

在对其光谱特性进行分析的基础上，分别建立了悬浮泥沙光谱反射率、光谱反射率均值和反射率一阶微分的指数反演模型和二次反演模型，结果显示 900 nm 波长的指数模型可以较准确地定量反演出悬浮泥沙浓度。

Under the same conditions, the mode distortions induced by the tilted mirror are smaller for the plano-concave resonator with the Gaussian-reflectivity, and the relations of the field distributions with Gaussian-reflectivity to the tilt angles are different from those with even-reflectivity.

同等条件下，高斯反射率平凹腔腔镜倾斜对谐振腔引起的模畸变小于均匀反射率平凹腔，且基模光场及本征值随镜倾斜的变化关系稍不同于均匀反射率平凹腔。

A new method to correct the Rayleigh scattering effect by using NCEP reanalyzed data set was given. The aerosol optical thickness and surface albedo distribution in 670nm and 865nm over north of China were also given by using POLDER level-1B data, and some results were compared with that of by other method and seem to be reasonable.

六。在敏感性分析和模拟反演的基础上提出了完整的利用偏振反射率和总反射率同时反演陆地上空大气气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率的方案，提出利用NCEP资料订正由海拔高度引起的Rayleigh散射变化的具体方法，并利用POLDER的Level 1B资料进行实际反演计算，给出我国华北地区气溶胶光学厚度和地表反射率的区域分布，并进行了对比验证分析，取得了比较合理的定量结果。

Based on the concept that land surfaces are of low polarization for reflected sunlight, a new method for simultaneously retrieval of surface albedo and aerosol optical thickness was given by using polarized radiance as well as total radiance measured by POLDER instrument.

陆地上空气溶胶的反演一直是卫星对地观测的一个难点，针对这个难点，本文提出联合利用偏振反射率和总反射率来同时提取陆地上空的大气气溶胶和地表反射率的反演方案，围绕此方案展开了以下工作

The computation of sky radiance resulted from the earth's diffuse reflection is studied based on a hypothesis that a underlying surface is randomly rough. The paper gives an analysis of the method to calculate the reflectivity, average hemisphere reflectivity, and transmission in virtue of the reciprocity law from the earth's surface to the top of the atmosphere.

本文基于下垫面为朗伯粗糙表面的假设基础上，对下垫面对向下太阳辐射的漫反射作用引起天空亮度变化的计算方法进行了研究，分析了利用互易性原理计算大气反射率、半球平均反射率和透过率的方法。

The reflective coating was prepared with glass bubbles and Al 〓 coated glass bubbles used as pigments. The naked glass bubble went together during the coating drying because its'low density. When the Al 〓 coated glass bubbles used as pigments, the bubbles can be dispersed very well in the dry coating.

空心玻璃微球和氢氧化铝涂层玻璃微球作为填料时，涂料在400nm-2500nm范围内都具有较大反射率；纳米二氧化钛作填料时，在可见光区域具有较大反射，红外区域反射率较小；以纳米二氧化硅作为填料的涂料在整个紫外-可见-近红外区域反射率都很低。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。