反射

In this paper, the analytical formulations for every reflection point's Z coordinate are deduced by using Fermat's principle and law of reflection in the system of cylinder and cone.

以圆柱和圆锥二阶系统的反射寻迹为例，结合费马原理和反射定律，推导出各反射点Z坐标的解析表达式，从而减少了寻迹方程中未知数个数，使计算时间显著缩短，也提高了结果精度，文中给出了应用实例。

R4The working principle of convergence reflection type photo switch is similar to that of direct reflection type one, while its projector and light receiver focus on object distance, only when the object presents to the focus can the photo switch actuate.

R3 会聚型反射式convergence reflection type 会聚型反射式的光电开关的工作原理类似于直接反射式光电开关，然而其投光器与受光器聚焦于物距离，只有当物体出现在聚焦时，光电开关才有动作。

The suspended sediment exponent model and quadratic inversion model solving spectrum reflectance, spectrum reflectance mean value and reflectance first-order derivative are established respectively, based on the analysis of spectrum characteristics. The results showed that the 900 nm wavelength exponent model can accurately quantitatively inverse the suspended sediment concentrations.

在对其光谱特性进行分析的基础上，分别建立了悬浮泥沙光谱反射率、光谱反射率均值和反射率一阶微分的指数反演模型和二次反演模型，结果显示 900 nm 波长的指数模型可以较准确地定量反演出悬浮泥沙浓度。

In order to measure scattering rate and judge optical properties of a laser mirror film,a setup with a photoelectric systen and a spherical mirror as a convergence element is developed.It is used to measure the film scattering in a relative measure method.

为了测量激光反射镜薄膜的散射率，评定激光反射镜薄膜的光学性能，研制一种以球面反射镜为聚光元件和利用光电接收转换系统通过相对测量方法测量薄膜散射的装置。

Then, the multiple reflection viewpoint is used in nonreciprocal transmission lines, so the theory of small reflections for nonreciprocal trans mission lines is studied in a different way, the accuracy of the theory of small reflections is also verified, which can provide a theoretical basis for designing multi-section transformer.

将多次反射观点应用于非互易传输线，从而用不同的方法对非互易传输线的小反射理论进行了研究，并进一步对小反射理论的准确性进行了验证，从而为多节变换器的设计提供理论依据。

Long-path multiple: A seismic reflection whose travel path is much longer than required for a primary reflection from the deepest interface reached.

全程多次反射波：传播路径比来自最深界面的一次反射波路径长得多的地震反射波。

On the approximation that the ink is non-scattering and its refractive index is nearly equal to papers, we propose a spectral reflectance color prediction model for recto-verso halftone images by making use of the theory of the light propagation in paper with long- and short-distance model and net structure of multiple reflection in the recto-verso halftone images.

在假定油墨是非散射介质以及油墨的折射率与纸张的折射率近似相等的条件下，利用光在油墨与纸张中散射迁移路径长短不同的分程理论和多重内反射的网状结构分析方法，研究了光照射在双面印刷品上的光谱反射规律，建立了双面印刷品的光谱反射色彩预测模型。

Under the condition that the maximum index change at the core-cladding interface and absorption coefficient were constant, the numerical results indicated that the reflectivity of cross-mode coupling peak between LP_ 01 and LP_ 11 modes varies parabolically with the saturation length of index change.

仿真结果表明，在纤芯和包层边界的最大光致折射率变化量和纤芯吸收因子不变的情况下，随着纤芯折射率变化的饱和长度的增大，LP01和LP11模间的互耦合反射峰呈抛物线形变化，当饱和长度增大到一定值后，互耦合反射峰随饱和长度的增大而逐渐减小并最终消失；同阶LP模的自耦合反射峰随饱和长度的增大而增大。

But the sun's rays then reach us despite having passed, first, through an enormous thickness of the higIT strata of the air, the minute dust of which reflects maximum of the higIT strata of the air, the minute dust of which reflects maximum of the blue rays away from us, leaving the complementary yellow light to pass on, Then, the somewhat coarser dust reflects the green rays, leaving a abundance orange-coloured light to pass on; and finally some of the yellow is reflected, leaving almaximum pure red.

这就充分呈现了低空尘埃的数量之大。但是太阳的光线终于到达了地面。它们先是穿过厚度极大的高空大气层，其中的细微尘埃把大部份蓝色的光反射掉了，让补色的黄光继续通行。然后，粗粒尘埃又反射掉绿色的光，让偏橙色的光继续通行。最后，部份黄色的光也反射掉，剩下几乎是纯红色的了。

But the sun's rays then reach us after having passed, first, through an enormous thickness of the higher strata of the air, the minute dust of which reflects most of the higher strata of the air, the minute dust of which reflects most of the blue rays away from us, leaving the complementary yellow light to pass on, Then, the somewhat coarser dust reflects the green rays, leaving a more orange-coloured light to pass on; and finally some of the yellow is reflected, leaving almost pure red.

但是太阳的光线终于到达了地面。它们先是穿过厚度极大的高空大气层，其中的细微尘埃把大部分蓝色的光反射掉了，让补色的黄光继续通行。然后，粗粒尘埃又反射掉绿色的光，让偏橙色的光继续通行。最后，部分黄色的光也反射掉，剩下几乎是纯红色的了。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。