反向的

Based on the summarizing of the exiting algorithms of the texture mapping and antialiasing, this paper goes deeply into the basic theory and processing of texture mapping. The texture compress algorithm which can satisfy the need of the memory and time is given for the stochastic sampling in the inverse texture mapping; the geometry transformation in the texture mapping are discussed and the concepts of the unitary parametrization and the patch parametrization is proposed, some kinds of the unitary parametrization methods of parametric surfaces and the geometry transformation in the patch parametrization are also presented; in order to solve the aliasing in the parametrization of intermediate surface-sphere in two-part texture mapping, an area-preserving transformation is presented also; to improve the quality of the graph the aliasing in the texture mapping is analyzed from the aspect of signal process, and the modified summed-area tables algorithms is proposed; the distortion of the scanline conversion algorithms under perspective transformation is analyzed and the proper interpolation algorithm is presented so the aliasing problem of the polyhedral object after the unitary parametrization is efficiently solved.

本文在总结现有的纹理映射和反走样算法的基础上，深入研究了纹理映射的基本原理与过程，根据反向纹理映射对纹理随机采样的特殊要求，提出了一种可满足存储空间和寻址时间的纹理压缩存储算法；通过对纹理映射中几何变换理论的进一步深入探讨，提出了整体参数化和面片参数化的概念，并给出了参数化曲面的各种整体参数化方法和面片参数化的几何变换形式；针对现有的两步映射算法所存在的中间曲面—球面的参数化问题，提出一种等积映射方法，较好地实现了由非参数化面片拼接而成的多面体表面的纹理映射；从信号采样的角度深入分析了纹理映射中走样产生的原因，提出了改进的区域求和表算法，使图形生成的效果有所提高；还分析了一般的扫描线算法在透视变换中所存在的问题，提出了一种正确的插值算法，从而解决了整体参数化后多面体表面纹理映射的几何变形问题。

A prediction model has been proposed to deal with threshold voltage shift as a function of 1MeV neutron flux and gate oxide thickness, and to deal with room-temperature annealing of threshold voltage shift induced-by 〓Coγ as a function of electric field and gate oxide thickness. The commonness and individuality of MOS device degradation between hot-carrier effect and ionizing radiation were investigated. The dependence of substrate current, gate current and threshold voltage shift due to hot-carrier on gate oxide thickness were simulated with MEDICI-2D simulator. The photocurrents of PN junction and bipolar transistor were studied. Their transient responses on varied bias voltages, pulse durations and absorbed doses were simulated. The influences of NPN base width on base and collector photocurrents were investigated. We also studied 1MeV neutron displacement damage in PN junction, and calculated reverse current leakage under the neutron flux of 2. 67×10〓 per square centimeter. 3 The study of nondestructive screening method for MOS radiation tolerance A theoretical and experimental study of nondestructive screening methods for radiation tolerance of nMOS and pMOS were firstly fulfilled. We determined the informative parameters pertinent to the method and proposed how to deal with experimental data and verify obtained results statistically, as well as make the required steps for nondestructive screening. Based on the experimental data of 180 samples of discrete pMOS devices, the relation between sample quantity and correlation coefficient, screening equation, and other significant results were obtained from the threshold voltage shifts of pre-and post-irradiation samples.

二、分立器件电离和位移辐射损伤响应研究在国内首次开展了电离辐射引起的氧化层阈值电压漂移和退火理论研究，编程计算了1MeV中子引起的MOS器件阈值电压漂移与中子通量及栅氧厚度的关系，计算了〓Coγ光子引起的阈值电压漂移及退火的时效曲线与纵向电场和栅氧厚度的关系等，对评估MOS型集成电路电离损伤和加固方法研究，以及论文中开展的MOSFETs无损筛选方法研究奠定了基础；分析了MOS器件热载流子损伤效应与辐射电离损伤效应之间的异同性，利用二维模拟软件MEDICI-2D模拟了衬底电流和栅电流，在不同栅氧厚度下随栅压的变化曲线，计算了热载流子效应造成的阈值电压漂移，研究结果对当前存在的以热载流子效应研究取代电离辐射损伤实验研究的设想，具有重要的参考价值；开展了PN结和双极晶体管电离光电流研究，计算了不同偏压、不同辐射脉宽和不同吸收剂量下PN结光电流的瞬时响应，计算了不同辐射脉宽下NPN晶体管基极电流和收集极电流的瞬时响应，以及基区宽度对NPN晶体管光电流的影响，研究结果对双极器件抗电离辐射损伤响应及加固方法研究具有重要意义；在国内首次开展了器件位移损伤的理论研究，分析了辐射产生的缺陷对电性能的影响，计算了注量为2.67×10〓cm〓的1MeV中子产生的缺陷对PN结反向电流的影响。

On the one hand, the paper theoretically develops the relations between online public opinion and public decision-making as well as its background connotation of rights and powers and their complicated linkages, based on which the"should-be"state of the relations between the foregoing two is proposed, on the other, it also analyzes, in the light of the states quo, the"is-being"state of the contradictions between the two sides.

一是从理论上梳理网络民意和公共决策的关系，****其背后的权利和权力意蕴和复杂纠葛，提出网络民意和公共决策关系的&应然&状态；二是从现实出发，对两者间的矛盾的&实然&情形进行分析，具体考察了网民结构、网络自由离散特征、网络情绪化表达等问题同公共决策民主、科学、理性要求的冲突，以及公共决策中对待网络民意的消极态度、&自利&倾向和技术方法上的被动和偏差等问题同网络民意的正当性、利益性、自主性要求之间的矛盾，并提出对各问题的反向思考和意见。

Details punching process different forms of the characteristics and difficulties, an analysis of the tubes in the process of punching force and deformation of the tube, giving details of the tube clamping and reverse punch the need for pre-deformation and design methods, introduction of specific modules can be combined Guanzi punching die structure design and manufacture of key components, the introduction of simple structure, low manufacturing costs, assembly convenience of fast and flexible, applicable to many varieties, short-cycle preparation and application of the superiority of the scope of After the structure of the tube to improve the punching mold, significantly broadens the scope of the existing pipe punching process and the application of mold capacity.

工程类的汉译英，帮忙翻译下谢谢详述了管子冲孔工艺不同形式的特点和难点，分析了管子冲孔过程中的受力情况以及对管子变形的影响，详述了管子冲孔夹紧及反向预变形的必要性和设计方法，具体介绍了单元可组合式管子冲孔模具结构的设计及关键零件的制造，介绍了具有结构简单、制造成本低、组装方便快速灵活、适用多品种、准备周期短的优越性及应用范围，经过结构改进的管子冲孔模，大大拓宽了现有管子冲孔工艺范围和模具的适用能力。问题补充：请不要用在线翻译的功能搞，翻得很不好

The method of obtaining time delay parameters with the reverse access channel is discussed. The modified algorithms of classic correlation methods of TOA estimation are proposed. Noncoherently combining algorithm and group coherent combining algorithm are given. They decrease the computational complexity and are more suitable for implementations in practical systems. The leading edge detection algorithm is proposed to mitigate the effect of multipath in TOA estimation. Then the secondary search method is proposed, it can solve the matching issue of PN code in CDMA systems. The location algorithms based on LS are discussed; include circular trilateration with LS, hyperbolic trilateration with reference differencing, hyperbolic trilateration with sequential differencing and circular trilateration with TOA differences. The design and implementation of wireless location system based on TOA/TDOA in CDMA2000 systems are given. The location process is discussed, and the hardware and software implementation of TOA estimation are given. Finally, the wireless location system which uses TOA estimation and LS location algorithms above is tested in the real environment.

文中讨论了采用CDMA2000反向链路中的接入信道来获取时延的方法和过程；对TOA估计的传统的相关法进行了改进，提出了非相干合并相关法和分组合并相关法，减少了基于相关的时延估计算法的运算量，提高了算法的实用性，对算法进行了仿真和性能分析；采用边缘检测技术有效减少了TOA参数估计中的多径干扰，提高了时延参数估计的准确度；提出了一种TOA估计的二次搜索法，解决了多个定位测量单元同时进行TOA估计的PN码匹配问题，进一步了提高TOA估计的精度；在采用时延值的定位算法中引入了基于LS的圆周法、基于参考差的双曲线法、基于相邻差的双曲线法和基于TDOA的圆周法，讨论了各算法的应用条件，进行了算法性能的仿真分析；给出了CDMA2000系统中的TOA/TDOA的无线定位的系统方案和实现流程，并对TOA值估计算法进行了软硬件实现，还对采用TOA估计算法、LS定位算法和定位系统设计方案实现的定位系统的进行了现场定位性能测试。

In order to bring about the spatial depth resolution of the image data obtained, the method according to the invention comprises the following steps: an electromagnetic wave is beamed onto the surface of a photonic mixed element comprising at least one pixel, the pixel having at least two light-sensitive modulation light gates Gam and Gbm and associated accumulation gates Ga and Gb; modulation light gate voltages Uam and Ubm, which are configured as Uam=Uo Um and Ubm=Uo-Um, are applied to the modulation light gates Gam and Gbm; a direct voltage, whose magnitude is at least the same as that of the total of Uo and the amplitude of the modulation voltage Um, is applied to the accumulation gates Ga and Gb; the charge carriers produced in the space charge region of the modulation light gates Gam and Gbm by the incident electromagnetic wave are subjected, as a function of the polarity of the modulation light gate voltages Uam and Ubm, to the potential gradient of a drift field and drift to the corresponding accumulation gate Ga or Gb; and the charges qa and qb which have drifted to the accumulation gates Ga and Gb, respectively, are diverted.

为了使得采用这样一种方法获得的图象数据具有空间深度分辨率，按照本发明的方法包含下述步骤：使电磁波成束在至少包含一个象素的光混合元件的表面上，该象素至少具有两个光敏调制光门G am 和G bm 以及相关的累积门G a 和G b ；将调制光门电压U am 和U bm 施加到调制光门G a 和G b 上，而调制光门电压的构成是U am=U o U m，U bm=U o -U m；将直流电压施加到累积门G a 和G b 上，而直流电压的幅度至少与U o 和调制电压U am的幅度的总和相同；使由入射电磁波在调制光门G am 和G bm 的空间电荷区中产生的载流子经受漂移场的电位梯度，并漂移到相应的累积门G a 或G b ，而电磁波是调制光门电压U am和U bm的极性的函数；已经分别漂移到累积门G a 和G b 的电荷的方向反向。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。