反义的

Antigene peptide nucleic acid specifically inhibits MYCN expression in human neuroblastoma cells leading to cell growth inhibition and apoptosis Roberto Tonelli,Stefania Purgato,Consuelo Camerin,Raffaele Fronza,Fabrizio Bologna,Simone Alboresi,Monica Franzoni,Roberto Corradini,Stefano Sforza,Andrea Faccini,Jason M. Shohet,Rosangela Marchelli,and Andrea Pession Department of Pediatrics, University of Bologna,Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Parma, Parma,Italy; and 3Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Abstract We developed an antigene peptide nucleic acid for selective inhibition of MYCN transcription in neuroblastoma cells, targeted against a unique sequence in the antisense DNA strand of exon 2 of MYCN and linked at its NH2 terminus to a nuclear localization signal peptide.

抗原肽核酸抑制MYCN具体表达的神经母细胞瘤细胞，导致细胞生长的抑制和凋亡罗伯托利，斯特凡Purgato ，苏埃洛卡默琳，拉菲尔Fronza ，梅奥尼博洛尼亚，西蒙娜Alboresi ，莫妮卡弗兰索尼，罗伯托Corradini ，斯特凡诺斯福尔扎，安德烈Faccini ，杰森先生Shohet ， Rosangela Marchelli ，和安德烈Pession儿科，博洛尼亚大学，圣' Orsola -马尔皮基医院，博洛尼亚，意大利；有机部和工业大学化学帕尔马，帕尔马，意大利和3Center的细胞和基因治疗，德州儿童癌症中心， Baylor医学院，得克萨斯州休斯敦摘要我们开发了一种抗原肽核酸的选择性抑制神经母细胞瘤MYCN转录细胞，针对一个独特的序列反义DNA链的第2外显子，并与在MYCN 其氨基端为核定位信号肽。

Sensitivity comparison between the novel one-step RT-PCR and DAS-ELISA for PVX revealed that the former method was 20 times more sensitive than the later one. The novel one-step RT-PCR system was also successfully tested with field samples of turnip mosaic virus in 8 different crucifer vegetable crops.

为验证该设想，本研究建立了一步RT-PCR技术扩增体系，并利用该体系扩增和分析了国内几种蔬菜作物部分CMV分离物的2b基因序列同源性，选择特定分离物的全长2b基因，先利用PVX侵染性载体初步分析其正义和反义序列间的互作，再构建植物表达载体转化烟草和番茄，并研究转基因烟草抗CMV的表现，获得了抗CMV的转基因烟草植株。

Microparticle can carry antisense MCP-1 gene into aorta successfully, which can inhibitate MCP-1 gene expression, microphage infusion and slow down the development of AAA. At the same time, there is no MCP-1 gene expression in other position, suggesting the microparticle si an secure gene transfer carrier.

以微粒子为载体，能成功地将反义MCP-1基因导入动脉组织中，并能明显抑制内源性MCP-1基因的表达和巨噬细胞在动脉壁的浸润程度，减缓腹主动脉瘤的进一步生长，同时外源基因在机体的其他部位没有表达，提示微粒子是一种安全的基因转移载体。

In this study, we investigated the gene expression pattern of Cbfal in odontoblast as well as tooth development by gene cloning and in situ hybridization. The results revealed the essential role cbfal plays in tooth development.

本研究采用基因克隆与原位杂交的方法，研究了cbfal在牙乳头细胞及牙胚发育中的表达，初步证实了cbfal在牙胚发育中的作用，同时，作为整体实验设计的一部分，本研究所构建的cbfal cDNA探针及反义核酸cbfal真核表达载体为对cbfal进一步的研究奠定了基础。

Japonicum, covering 90% of its total genes; find 8400 protein-coding genes; set up the largest functional gene database and clone libraries in the world; for the first time, identify as many as 3260 proteins from variety of life stages of S. japonicum; analyse the eggshell proteins and tegument proteins, which were the putative targets for drugs and candidates of vaccines; reveal a large quantity of genetic polymorphisms in the genes of S.

对人CD34+造血干／祖细胞进行了转录组和蛋白质组学研究，鉴定了370个蛋白质，这是迄今为止鉴定最多的CD34+细胞蛋白，并且鉴定了各种转录组研究没能发现的133个CD34+细胞蛋白，发现了CD34+细胞具有可塑性的新的证据，证明了反义核酸未能完全阻止其相应基因的表达，并提出一些蛋白的异质性是由于翻译后修饰造成；2。

The transforming growth factor-β superfamily, a large group of highly conserved growth factors including TGF-βs, activins and BMPs, regulate a wide variety of cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. Signals from these growth factors are transduced by a group of Smad proteins. To date, there are nine vertebrate Smads, including the receptor-activated Smads , Smadsl-3, 5 and 8, the common mediator Smad4 and Smad4β, and the inhibitory Smads, Smad6 and 7. Signaling is initiated when the ligand induces assembly of a heteromeric complex of type Ⅱ and type Ⅰ TGFβ receptors. Then R-Smads are directly phosphorylated by activated type I TGF-β receptors.

在多种SMADS中，SMAD5令我们产生兴趣，基于三个原因：1、Smad5基因敲除胚胎中发现卵黄囊的异位造血以及CFU-GM祖细胞数目增加，表明SMAD5可能是早期造血发育的负向调控基因。；2、应用反义核酸封闭Smad5可以逆转TGF-β对祖细胞增殖的抑制效应，表明它可能介导TGF-β信号转导，后者的异常，包括某些SMADS的功能异常，和白血病紧密相关；3、Smad5基因定位在人染色体5q21，此区域的缺失和急性髓系白血病和骨髓增生异常综合症相关，因此，Smad5被怀疑为白血病抑制基因。

S short half-life and immunological reaction. To overcome these drawback of protein injection, we choose the gene transfection method to inhibit the overexpression of VEGF in the pannus and observe the inhibition effect of the formation of pannus during the development of rheumatoid arthritis.

为了克服生物制剂关节腔注射疗法半衰期短，局部反应大的缺点，我们采用滑膜组织基因转染的方法，将表达反义VEGF基因的腺病毒载体导入病变的滑膜组织，在基因水平上千预病变滑膜的VEGF过度表达，并探讨其对RA形成的影响。

Because artificial nucleases can cleave nucleic acids at specific sequnce or site, it can be used as very important tools in molecular biology, can be applied to gene therapy, purity of proteins, anti-sense PCR technique, DNA footprinting and chemical probe, and so on.

由于人工核酸酶可在核酸底物的特定部位将其断裂，所以它可以作为重要的分子生物学工具，可应用于疾病的基因治疗，蛋白质分离纯化中去除核酸，还可用于反义PCR技术、DNA足迹技术、化学探针等。

Furthermore, we screened Jurkat cell lines which stably expresses sense and antisense IL-2Rαgene via neomycin selection.

同时，利用构建的质粒具有Neo抗性，用含G418的甲基纤维素半固体培养基进行了稳定整合反义IL-2Rα基因细胞株的筛选工作。

Apoptotic cell and cell cycle were detected in transfected cells by FCM assay and the electron micrographs.

VEGF反义RNA能抑制裸鼠体内TE-1细胞的生长，减少肿瘤内血管的生成，增加细胞凋亡；为食管癌的基因治疗提供了一定的实验依据。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。