反义的

With immunohistochemical method we find that proteinic expression of PDGF-A and bFGF was reduced in the arterial wall in antisense gene transfer group, which shows further the role of autocrine growth factors played in alpha-thrombin-induced proliferation.

动脉壁免疫组化结果表明：反义基因转染及表达引起生长因子PDGF-A、bFGF的蛋白表达量减少，进一步说明凝血酶受体可能通过促进其他生长因子的表达而引起平滑肌细胞的增生。

Methods:The conservative region of mTOR gene was inserted into pLXIN reversedly, then the vector was packaged in PT67 cells by transfection with lipofectamine and transfected to VSMC. The efficiency of antisense inhibition was verified,and the changes of p70S6k and 4E-BP1 were also determined at the same time. The proliferation activity was determined by flowcytometry and MTT.

采用脂质体介导转染包装细胞后构建mTOR的反义重组逆转录病毒载体(pLXIN-AmTOR)感染VSMC，检测mTOR及其下游底物包括真核细胞启动子4E结合蛋白1(4E-BP1)和核糖体蛋白S6激酶(p70S6k)的表达变化，以及VSMC细胞增殖周期和增殖活性的改变。

The survival rates of CEM cells cultured with cis-diamminedichicloroplatinum added 24 h later were higher than that cultured with hTERT ASODN and DDP added 24 h later. The survival rates of CEM cells cultured with DDP were similar with that cultured with hTERT SOND and DDP. In morphological observation of apoptotic cells using Giemsa staining, cells treated with DDP or DDP combined with hTERT ASODN ro SODN at 48 h, displayed classic apoptotic changes. Apoptosis rates of CEM cells treated with DDP for 48 h after 24 h of exposure to ASODN significantly increased. There was significant difference in the percentage of apoptotic cells of CEM cells between hTERT ASODN plus DDP and SODN plus DDP or DDP alone, respectively.

结果： hTERT ASODN作用于CEM细胞24 h再加入柔红霉素、长春新碱、足叶乙甙，对细胞生长的抑制分别与单用柔红霉素、长春新碱、足叶乙甙及hTERT正义寡核苷酸联合柔红霉素、长春新碱、足叶乙甙组相比，统计学上无显著差异(P＞0.05)。hTERT反义核酸作用于CEM细胞24 h加入顺铂，再共同作用48 h，CEM活细胞均数为2.318×108 cells/L，与单用顺铂组(3.250×108 cells/L)及hTERT正义核酸联用顺铂组(3.175×108 cells/L)相比，对细胞抑制明显增强(P＜0.05)。hTERT ASODN作用于CEM细胞24 h再加入顺铂作用48 h，细胞出现典型的凋亡形态学改变。hTERT ASODN与2.5 μmol/L顺铂联合作用于CEM细胞48 h的凋亡细胞百分率(19.47%)分别同SODN与顺铂联合作用组(6.97%)、单用顺铂作用组(6.02%)进行比较有显著差异(P＜0.01)。

Furthermore, the analyses of the content of chlorophyll in both sense and antisense transgenic plants showed that it had no striking difference compared with that of the wild type Nicotiana tabacum. So perhaps there was no obvious change in the photosynthetic capacity of the transgenic chloroplasts.

另外，对正义和反义转化植株叶绿素含量的分析结果都显示，其细胞中的叶绿素含量与野生型植株相比并未发生明显变化，说明转化植株中叶绿体的光合能力可能并未受到影响。

The mistake of judging the men of other periods by the morality of our own day has its parallel in the mistake of supposing that every wheel and bolt in the modern social machine had its counterpart in more rudimentary societies.

在可靠的原始记录中，我们都可以注意到，使我们实践一个允约的习性还没有完全发展，种种罪恶昭彰不信不义的行为常被提到，竟毫无非难，有时反加以赞许。

Nazi skinheads are often called Boneheads by anti-racist skinheads and punks.

纳粹光头也经常被反纳粹的光头成员们和朋克们叫作&蠢货头&（bonehead，一词双关，表面上是'骨头'和'脑袋'的复合名词，含义是贬义的蠢货、笨蛋之义）。

In addition,ribozymes can also be artificially designed. For all these reasons,the discovery of the ribozymes provide more specific methods of gene therapy on the human cancer.

研究表明，核酶具有较单链的反义核酸更为稳定和简单的空间结构，不易受到核酸酶的破坏，因结构简单，可以人工设计。

Results were shown as followings:(1) Sodium selenite at 0～2.5 μmol/L significantly increased the antioxidative capacity of L-02 cells without having remarkable impact on SMMC-7721 cells;(2) Sodium selenite at concentrations above significantly increased telomerase activity, hTERT gene expression and telomere length of L-02 cells without significant impact on SMMC-7721 cells;(3) Sodium selenite at higher concentrations (larger than 5 μmol/L) resulted in peroxidation of L-02 cells, while scutellarin significantly counteracted its effect;(4) Selenium-rich amino acids from silkworm pupas in the range of 0.5～2.5 μmol/L Se significantly inhibited SMMC-7721 cell growth, induced apoptosis and cell cycle change, and the generation of reactive oxygen species. In contrast, sodium selenite and selenomethionine only had weak impact on them at the same concentrations;(5) A new selenium-containing protein was found from selenium-rich silkworm pupas, which is worthy to be study further;(6) An expression vector containing ansense RNA of hTERT gene were constructed and used to transfect SMMC-7721 cells. They were observed to inhibit hepatoma cells.

结果如下：（1）0～2.5μmol/L亚硒酸钠显著性增强L-02细胞的抗氧化能力；而对SMMC-7721细胞的作用不显著；（2）该浓度硒显著性提高L-02细胞端粒酶活性、增强hTERT基因表达和延长细胞端粒长度；而对SMMC-7721细胞的作用均不显著；（3）高浓度硒（5μmol/L以上）显著性抑制L-02细胞生长、致细胞过氧化，灯盏花素能拮抗硒所致过氧化、降低硒毒性；（4）0.5～2.5μmol/L富硒蚕蛹氨基酸显著性抑制肝癌细胞SMMC-7721生长、导致细胞凋亡和周期改变、诱导细胞产生活性氧，同浓度亚硒酸钠和硒代蛋氨酸对其抑制不显著；（5）富硒蚕蛹蛋白经分离纯化和鉴定后发现存在一新含硒蛋白，其结构和功能有待研究；（6）通过已有的含hTERT基因质粒，成功构建hTERT反义RNA表达质粒，转染SMMC-7721细胞后对其生长具有抑制作用。

Antisense RNA now being used in an attempt to provide an agent against bacteriophage genes to help in the constant struggle between lactic acid bacteria and their phages.

现在正在使用反义RNA技术试图提供一种抗噬菌体遗传因子的试剂，从而帮助乳酸菌和它们的噬菌体进行长期不问断的斗争。

Methods Human EGFR cDNA fragment was subcloned in the oppos ite orientation to the cytomegaloviral promoter and inserted into a E1/E3-delet e d type 5 adenoviral vector to obtain AdE5 construct which expresses EGFR antisen se RNA.

人EGFR的cDNA片段被反向亚克隆入E1/E3缺失的 5型腺病毒载体中而得到AdE5 ，EGFR反义RNA的表达由CMV启动子控制。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。