双烯

A desire to elucidate this reaction, and the analogous alkyne metathesis reaction, led to the discovery and development of high oxidation state complexes that contain a M=C or M C bond, so-called alkylidene and alkylidyne complexes, respectively.

为了阐述复分解反应，发现和发展了含有双键和三键的金属有机化合物，分别被称谓杂金属烯烃和杂金属炔烃。

Review articles only; calretinin; fovea centralis; macula lutea; ora serrata; photoreceptors; rods; cones; optic tract; optic nerve; visual cortex; color vision; photoreception; opsin; rhodopsin; guanine nucleotide-binding protein; G protein-coupled receptors; ion channels (cyclic GMP-gated); guanylate cyclase; cyclic GMP; dark adaptation; visual pigments; polyenes; 11-cis-retinal; vitamin A; chromophores; arrestin; recoverin; phosducin; transducin; bipolar cells; retinal ganglion cells; retinal progenitor cells; amacrine cells; Mueller cells; light; retinogenesis; ommatidia; optic vesicles; retinitis pigmentosa; blindness; macular degeneration; blind spot; Mach bands; electroretinograms; binocular vision; visual acuity; vision; retina

唯一综述；钙网膜蛋白；中央凹；黄斑；锯齿缘；光感受器；杆状细胞；圆锥细胞；视束；视神经；直观皮层；色视觉；光感受；视蛋白；视紫质；鸟苷酸-结合蛋白；G蛋白-电偶受体；离子通道；鸟苷酸环化酶；环鸟苷酸；暗适应；视色素；多烯；11 - cis -视网膜；抗干眼醇；发色团；抑制蛋白；恢复蛋白；phosducin；转导蛋白；双极细胞；视网膜神经节细胞；视网膜祖细胞；无长突细胞；米勒细胞；光；retinogenesis；小眼；视泡；色素性视网膜炎；盲的黄斑变性；盲点；马赫带；视网膜电流图；双目视觉

Calretinin; fovea centralis; macula lutea; ora serrata; photoreceptors; rods; cones; optic tract; optic nerve; visual cortex; color vision; photoreception; opsin; rhodopsin; guanine nucleotide-binding protein; G protein-coupled receptors; ion channels (cyclic GMP-gated); guanylate cyclase; cyclic GMP; dark adaptation; visual pigments; polyenes; 11-cis-retinal; vitamin A; chromophores; arrestin; recoverin; phosducin; transducin; bipolar cells; retinal ganglion cells; retinal progenitor cells; amacrine cells; Mueller cells; light; retinogenesis; ommatidia; optic vesicles; retinitis pigmentosa; blindness; macular degeneration; blind spot; Mach bands; electroretinograms; binocular vision; visual acuity; vision; retina

光感受；视蛋白；视紫质；鸟苷酸-结合蛋白；G蛋白-电偶受体；离子通道；鸟苷酸环化酶；环鸟苷酸；暗适应；视色素；多烯；11 - cis -视网膜的；抗干眼醇；发色团；抑制蛋白；恢复蛋白；phosducin；转导蛋白；双极细胞；视网膜神经节细胞；视网膜祖细胞；无长突细胞；米勒细胞；光；retinogenesis；小眼；视泡；色素性视网膜炎；盲的；黄斑变性；盲点；马赫带；视网膜电流图；双目视觉；视敏度；视觉；视网膜

Then Doripenem came into the market in the July ,2005. We studied the synthesis of Doripemen.Firstly, we synthesized the chemical 2 from the starting material------o-hydroxylphenylacylamine through Reformastky reaction, alkylation, Diekmann reaction, enolization, esterification and etc. Secondly, we synthesized the chemical 3 from L — hydroxylproline through the protection of carboxyl, amidogen and hydroxyl group, reduction by NaBr, SN_2 substitution and Mitsumobu reaction.

我们以水杨酰胺为起始原料，经Reformatsky反应、烷基化、Diekmann环合、烯醇化、酯化等反应合成双环母核2；再从L-羟基脯氨酸出发，经酯化保护羧基、保护氨基、保护羟基、硼氢化还原酯得醇、Sn2取代和Mitsumobu反应等合成巯基侧链3；最后由化合物3经脱保护、水解得硫醇，和化合物2在二异丙基乙基胺的作用下缩合，最后Pd／C催化脱保护，历经16步反应最终得到产物多尼培南。

In this article, Fe3-Al3 was first used to catalyze copolymerization of maleic anhydride and isoprene.

研究了双金属体系Fe3-Al3催化马来酸酐与异戊二烯的共聚反应。

PVC resin, PTFE resin, fumaric acid, anthraquinone, nitroanthraquinone, paraaminophenol, melamine, cyanuric acid, sulfanilic acid, chemical inhibitor 168, azoic coupling component As, stearate, aniline, nitroaniline, pentaerythritol, chlorcosane, sodium calcium, triethylene diamine, sodium benzene sulphinate, m-phthalic acid, thiourea, aniline black dyestuffs, acid dyestuff, etc.

聚氯乙烯树脂、聚四氟乙烯树脂、反丁烯二酸、蒽醌、硝基蒽醌、对氨基苯酚、三聚氰胺、氰尿酸、对氨基苯磺酸、抗氧剂168、色酚As、硬脂酸盐、苯胺、硝基苯胺、双季戊四醇、氯？？？腊、甲酸钙、三乙烯二胺、苯亚磺酸钠、间苯二甲酸、二甲酯五磺酸钠、硫脲、油溶性苯胺黑染料、酸性黑染料等有机化工原料和中间体。

Flavor substances of pumpkin were qualitatively analyzed and 22 kinds of chemical components were identified by GC-MS. The main compounds extracted are Bornyl acetate, Camphol and 4-methy- Phenol, respectively.

首次对南瓜(6号京银栗)进行了芳香物质的定性测定，发现南瓜中含有22种芳香性成分，主要为醋酸冰片酯、樟脑、四甲基苯酚、4，6，6-三甲基-双环[3.1.1]-3-庚烯-2-酮。

Seven of them have not been reported.Their structures were confirmed by IR,~1HNMR,MS,and element analysis. 4.Meanwhile,the green methylation procedure of imides was developed by using dimethyl carbonate as methylation reagent.A series of imides,for example,phthalimide,3,4-dibromo-maleimide and succincide were used for substrates.The effects of DABCO(1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane)and DBU(1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene)as a catalyst in this kind of reactions were investigated.2-Bromo-3-(1-methylindolyl-3-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione was prepared by using dimethyl carbonate,which further expanded the use of dimethyl carbonate,as a green agent in organic synthesis.

在以硫酸二甲酯为甲基化试剂对3，4-二溴马来酰亚胺进行N-甲基化反应合成3，4-二溴-N-甲基马来酰亚胺的同时，以碳酸二甲酯为甲基化试剂，对3，4-二溴马来酰亚胺、邻苯二甲酰亚胺、琥珀酰亚胺等酰亚胺类化合物的N-甲基化反应进行了研究；考察了1，4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷，1，8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、碳酸钾和四丁基溴化铵等作为催化剂对碳酸二甲酯N-甲基化反应的反应时间和收率等的影响，并应用碳酸二甲酯为甲基化试剂，合成了N-甲基-3-溴-4-(1-甲基-吲哚-3)-马来酰亚胺。

When feeding with undecylenic acid by fed-batch culture, there was a lag time when microorganism using undecylenic acid as a new carbon source. The molar fraction of unsaturated monomer could be achieved by 37.39% at 73 hr cultivation. We can see the property of PHA become flexible with cultivation time by the lower of Tg.

发酵槽馈加十一烯酸培养实验，产物为PHO与PHU(poly-3-hydroxy-8-noneneoate为主)所形成之混掺物，且双键所占比例随时间增加，培养第73小时可得到双键比例37.39%；随培养时间增加，玻璃转移温度(Tg， glass transition temperature)由-34.03℃下降至-42.40℃，显示PHA性质变得更加柔韧具有弹性。

The reaction of sodium alkylcycloperitadienide with metal chlorides gave derivatives of bisdichlorides of titanium, zirconium and hafnium where alkyls were n-propyl and n-butyl.

本文报导烷基环戊二烯基钠与金属氯化物反应合成钛、锆和铪的双金属二氯化物以及通过卤素交换制备双钛的二氟化物的方法。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。