双极性

One challenge is the changing definition of bipolarity."What we have seen over the past few years is the expansion of the bipolar spectrum," said Dr. Sharma. It may be helpful to look at unipolar depression and bipolar disorder as opposite ends of a continuum, rather than distinct diseases, he added.

面临的挑战是双极性定义的改变，Sharma博士指出，我们回顾这几年来，双极性异常所涵盖的范围越来越广；他附带表示，将单极性忧郁与双极性异常视为光谱的两端，而不是完全不同的疾病，可能是有帮助的。

To eliminate common-mode voltage of cascaded multi-level inverter, three kinds of phase-difference SVM based on left and right bridge vectors are proposed firstly. From these three modulations, equivalent SPWM components are deduced, and the unipolarity and bipolarity of output waveforms are analyzed. 2π/3 PD-SVM (phase-difference space vector modulation) is testified be unipolar.

为消除级联型多电平逆变器的输出共模电压，首先提出了基于左、右桥臂矢量的三类相差空间矢量调制(space vector modulation，SVM)技术，数学推导出三类调制技术的等效正弦脉宽调制(sine pulse width modulation，SPWM)的调制波，并分析了其各自相电压输出波形的单、双极性，证明2π/3相差SVM必为单极性调制。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

Depressed patients with bipolar features are both less likely to respond to antidepressants and more likely to have tolerability problems with these drugs, possibly because they elicit hypomanic symptoms such as agitation and sleep disturbance, said Dr. Sharma. What is less known is whether these bipolar features are subtle enough for clinicians to miss them if they are not careful.

Sharma博士指出，有双极特征的忧郁症病患对于抗忧郁药物的反应可能比较不好，而且对这些药物较可能有耐受性的问题，可能是因为这些药物会造成轻躁性症状，例如躁动、睡眠障碍；目前仍不清楚双极性症状的病征是否会使得临床医师忽略这个症状，如果他们不小心的话。

Depressed patients with bipolar features are both less likely to respond to antidepressants and more likely to have tolerability problems with these drugs, possibly because they elicit hypomanic symptoms such as agitation and sleep disturbance, said Dr. Sharma. What is less known is whether these bipolar features are subtle enough for clinicians to miss them if they are not careful.

Sharma博士指出，有双极特徵的忧郁症病患对於抗忧郁药物的反应可能比较不好，而且对这些药物较可能有耐受性的问题，可能是因为这些药物会造成轻躁性症状，例如躁动、睡眠障碍；目前仍不清楚双极性症状的病徵是否会使得临床医师忽略这个症状，如果他们不小心的话。

Bipolar II Disorder involves Major Depressive Episodes and Hypomanic Episodes. Since a significant portion of those suffering manic depression did not have full manic episodes, the classification was divided into Bipolar I and Bipolar II. However, Bipolar II is often a first step to Bipolar I. Over 5 years, between 5% and 15% of those will Bipolar II will change diagnosis to Bipolar I. Approximately 0.5% of people will develop Bipolar II in their lifetimes.

双极性二型包含重度忧郁症和轻躁症的症状由於有一大部份的躁郁症病人并没有完全的躁症症状，所以躁郁症要分为双极性一型和双极性二型然而，双极性二型常是双极性一型的第一步，经过五年，5% and 15%的双极性二型的病人会转变成双极性一型双极性二型的终生致病率大约为0.5

Compared with convertional silver zinc reserve battery monopolar,bipolar battery has many advantages.

与传统的单极性锌银贮备电池组相比，双极性锌银贮备电池具有许多优点。

The circuit, which can transform the signal from bipolar to monopolar and linearly restrict its amplitude for matching the ADC of S3C2410, according to the superposition principle of circuit theory , is specifically designed and fully given by myself . Its design idea is also deeply analyzed.

为与本系统选用的S3C2410内置的ADC可靠配接，根据电路理论中的叠加原理，特别自行设计给出了双极性转单极性并线性限幅的完整电路，并深入分析了其设计思想。

Dr. Sharma and colleagues used the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition to reinterview 61 patients diagnosed with unipolar depression who had failed to respond to at least two adequate courses of antidepressants. By examining their symptoms over time as well as their family history, the researchers discovered that 35% of these patients had a form of bipolar disorder. Even more remarkably, after following them for a year, fully 80% of patients were deemed to have bipolar disorder.

Sharma博士与其同事使用精神异常诊断与统计手册第四版的结构式临床面谈，针对61位被诊断为单极性异常，而且至少对两种以上抗忧郁药物，在使用足够疗程下，没有反应的病患进行再次面谈；透过检查他们随著时间表现出来的症状以及家族史，研究者发现，这些病患中的35%具有双极性异常的形式；更值得注意的，在追踪一年后，将近80%的病患被视为患有双极性异常。

A bipolar pulse gener AT or with A valanche Transistor is introduced which uses two paralleled tubes to enhance the amplitude of the output pulse. Meanwhile the power supply voltage can be adjusted, so better synchronous triggering can be performed.

介绍了一种双极性雪崩三极管脉冲产生器电路；电路采用双管并联以增大输出脉冲的幅度，并采用调节电源电压的方法来达到良好的同步触发。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。