双子叶的

In this article, the domain structure of LBD genes, classes of LBD genes in model plants of monocotyledon or dicot, expression model, mutation phenotypes from loss of function or gain of function, and its relationship to other gene families were reviewed. Furthermore, the redundancy character of LBD genes, basic candidate function shared by LOB domain, and potential molecular mechanism of LBD genes interacting with other genes also were discussed.

本文对LBD基因的结构域特征、在单／双子叶模式植物中的分类、表达特点、己克隆LBD基因的功能及与其它基因或基因家族间的相互作用关系进行了综述，并对LBD基因在高等植物中的功能冗余特性、LOB结构域可能所具有的基本功能和LBD基因与其它基因相互作用的分子机制进行了探讨。

Western blot and the immunoblot results indicate that the antibodies not only can react with silicon-binding proteins of rice, but also can cross react with the proteins of other silicon-accumulated graminaceous plants, while it does not react with the proteins of non-silicon accumulated dicotyledonous plants and BSA. These findings indicate that the homologous proteins of SBP117 are widely existed in the graminaceous plants.

蛋白质印迹和免疫印迹检测表明，SBP117的抗体不仅能识别水稻硅结合蛋白，而且与其他累积硅的禾本科植物中提取的硅结合蛋白有交叉反应，但它不识别不累积硅的双子叶植物番茄叶中的蛋白质以及牛血清蛋白，说明与SBP117同源的硅结合蛋白广泛存在于禾本科植物之中。

Immunoblot results indicate the antibody can also cross react with the proteins of other silica-accumulated graminaceous plants, while it does not react with the proteins of dicotyledonous plants. These findings indicate that the homologous proteins of SBP117 are widely existed in the graminaceous plantss. This indicated silica accumulated in higher plants posses the character of systematic development.

免疫印迹检测表明此抗体还能与其它累积硅的禾本科植物硅体中的蛋白发生交叉反应，但不能与双子叶植物蛋白反应，这说明与SBP117相似的硅结合蛋白广泛存在于积累硅的禾本科植物之中，硅在高等植物中的积累具有系统发育上的特征。

When single herbicide was used in the field for two years, the dominant species took place corresponding alternation. The community structure that originally mostly consisted of dicotyledonous weeds , such as Alopecurus aequalis sobol., etc.

通过连续几年的单一除草剂使用，烟田杂草的优势种群发生了相应变化，原来以看麦娘、马唐、稗草等单子叶杂草为主的群落结构演变成了现在以稗草、马唐及胜红蓟、两栖蓼、茴茴蒜为主的单、双子叶杂草混生结构，说明烟田施用除草剂会引起杂草群落结构变化，因此，在生产上则应注意除草剂的轮换使用。

Using nuclear DNA C-values for 539 angiosperms in China, we examined the variation of these values among growth forms and taxonomic groups and the relationship of these values with invasiveness. Mean DNA C-value of the 539 angiosperm species was 4.06 pg. Mean DNA C-value was(1) significantly lower for woody species (1.84 pg) than for herbaceous species(5.02 pg);(2) significantly lower for 360 dicots (2.20 pg) than for 179 monocots (7.80 pg);(3) significantly lower for annuals (2.78 pg) than for perennials(6.65 pg);(4) significantly lower for 134 weed species (1.93 pg) than for herbaceous non-weeds (6.75 pg) and for several families that have an unusually high proportion of weed species;(5) significantly lower for 47 exotic weed species (1.76 pg) than for 134 native weeds (1.93 pg), but significantly lower than that of "non-weedy" herbaceous species (6.75 pg);(6) lower for weeds than for "non-weedy" species in same genus or family; and (7) in herbaceous species, generally lower for weedy compared to "non-weedy" species, with some exceptions such as Avena fatua, whose DNA C-value is as high as 14.15 pg, contrarily, and some "non-weedy" herbaceous species in Cruciferae and Cucurbitaceae with very low values.

统计了中国境内有分布的539种被子植物的DNA C-值，分析了它们在不同分类群、生活型、倍性、生活史类型以及在杂草和非杂草类群中的分布情况，主要结果如下：(1)539种被子植物DNA C-值平均为4.06 pg，其中木本植物的DNA C-值平均为1.84 pg，低于草本植物的平均值(5.02 pg)；(2)双子叶植物(360种)的DNA C-值平均为2.20 pg，极明显地小于单子叶植物(179种)的平均值(7.80 pg)；(3)1年生植物的DNA C-值平均为2.78 pg，明显小于多年植物的平均DNA C-值(6.65 pg)；(4)134种杂草的DNA C-值平均为1.93 pg，明显小于非杂草草本植物的平均值(6.75 pg)，含杂草较多的科，平均DNA C-值相对较小；(5)统计的47种入侵杂草的DNA C-值平均为1.76 pg，略小于134种杂草的平均DNA C-值(1.93 pg)，极显著地小于非杂草性草本植物(6.75 pg)；(6)以科为单位，不同科的DNA C-值存在着极大的差异；(7)DNA C-值与染色体倍性的关系并不明显，但是，随着倍性的增加，基因组变小；(8)在同一科、属中，与非杂草相比，典型杂草的DNA C-值往往偏小；(9)总体上杂草或杂草性强的植物，它们的DNA C-值比非杂草性植物的要小。

When the frequency of codon usage of citrus was compared to Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, Saccharomyces cerevisiac and Escherichia coli, we found that the codon preference is considerably different between citrus and non-plant species. While compared to Arabidopsis thaliana, Lycopersicon esculentum, Oryza sativa and Musa acuminata, we found that the codon preference was identical in dicotyledons, but was different between citrus and monocotyledon, Oryza sativa and Musa acuminate.

将柑橘的密码子使用频率与人、果蝇、酵母和大肠杆菌等不同种类模式生物比较后发现，柑橘密码子的偏爱性与不同种类生物有不同程度的差异；但将柑橘的密码子使用频率与拟南芥、番茄、水稻和尖叶蕉等不同种类的植物相比，发现柑橘密码子的偏爱性与同为双子叶植物的拟南芥、番茄完全一样，而与水稻、尖叶蕉这2种单子叶植物均有较大的差异。

The apparent selective establishment criteria of the new strips may explain the low similarity in species composition between the original boundary and the new boundary plots: only non-woodland perennial monocots and dicots had high establishment rates in the herbaceous strips in all boundary types.

表观选择性建立标准的新带可以解释低，在相似的物种组成与原选区分界及新的边界情节：只有非林地多年生monocots和双子叶植物有较高的建立利率，在绿草带的所有边界类型。

DNA C-value is of practical value in the forecast of the invasiveness of exotic species. However, such predictions must be made with comparisons within families because the DNA C-values vary greatly between woody and herbaceous species, between monocots and dicots, between annuals and perennials, and especially among families.

DNA C-值在预测外来物种的入侵性方面具有一定的应用价值，但是，由于在木本植物和草本植物之间、单子叶与双子叶植物之间、一年生和多年生植物之间，特别是在不同的科之间，植物的DNA C-值较明显的差异，因此，根据DNA C-值预测外来物种的入侵性，应该严格地限于同一科内的相关物种间的比较。

Starch sheath The innermost layer of cells of the cortex replacing the endodermis in some stems, especially young herbaceous dicotyledonous stems. Its cells contain prominent starch grains.

淀粉鞘：在部分植物的茎的皮层中，尤其是双子叶草本植物茎，代替内皮层结构的最里一层细胞，其内含有明显的淀粉颗粒。

In comprehensive concerning of all above,it is suggested that theincrease of zinc content in shoot apex may involved in IAA synthesis in thispart,which is more likely to be an orignal signal that plays a critical role inthe regulation of root ferric reductase activity of iron-deficientdicotyledonous plants.

综上所述，缺铁胁迫条件下，根系铁含量的降低导致根系锌含量的积累，从而使茎尖的锌含量增加并有可能促进地上部IAA的增加。在双子叶植物中，IAA可能是调节缺铁根系〓还原酶活性的初始信号物质。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。