双分子层

In this paper, we established the physical model corresponding to this effect based on the theory of plant cell membrane of double-molecule layer.

研究从植物细胞双分子层膜理论出发，建立相应的物理模型，讨论了激光辐照引起生物细胞膜跨膜电势的变化及其产生生物效应的机理。

In this thesis the planar bilayer lipid membranes inlaid with oxide cholesterol , phosphatidylcholine or cephalin have been prepared .The effects of membranes formulas on membranes stability and zinc ions transfer ability have also been studied.

中文摘要采用氧化胆固醇与磷脂混合作为成膜液制备双分子层脂质膜的方法，研究了制备平板双分子层脂质膜的配方和成膜条件，并对制得的双分子层脂质膜的稳定性、离子通透性、离子选择通过性能、双层膜中氧化胆固醇对通透性的影响等进行了研究。

Experimental result makes clear, the main reason that structure of revulsive bursa bubble alters exterior activator is exterior activator embeds in the double element layer of bursa bubble, the inhomogenous sex that the exterior charge intensity that changed bursa bubble thereby and the exterior activator after embedding distributing in layer of bursa bubble double element.

实验结果表明，表面活性剂诱导囊泡结构改变的主要原因是表面活性剂嵌入到囊泡的双分子层中，从而改变了囊泡的表面电荷强度以及嵌入后的表面活性剂在囊泡双分子层中分布的不均匀性。

Every ATPS has two phases, one of which is liquid crystal and the other isotropy solution with vesicles.

ATPS上相为液晶结构，下相为含有囊泡的各向同性溶液，界面膜是由表面活性剂的双分子层构成。

It needs only 20-30 minutes; the active components can be transformed into high concentration active substances, nonstop to the deep skin, the active components infiltrate to Subcutaneous tissue through the channels among hair follicles, sweat glands and cells, reach the mesoblast .then it open the entrance easily by stimulating the water channels protein on the cell membrane, infiltrate the cell membrane, make the skin cells to absorb nutrients plenary.

需20-30分钟即可将经诱导带电的活性成分快速转换成高浓度的活性物质，直达深层皮肤；利用"水电渗透析"技术，使活性成分通过毛囊、汗腺和经过符合穿孔的表皮细胞间通道透过表皮进入中胚层乃至皮下组织，通过实现细胞蛋白水通道并刺激细胞膜上的"水通道蛋白"，轻易打开表皮入口，渗透细胞膜脂质双分子层，使皮肤细胞充分吸收营养成分。

The influencing factors that glutathione molecular umbrella penetrates lipid bilayers with the shielded conformation were analyzed with VolSurf parameters. The results show that the major influencing factors are smaller amphiphilic moment and larger molecular rugosity of the shielded conformation, which are independent of definite hydrophobic regions of the conformation.

利用VolSurf参数分析了分子伞以屏蔽构象穿透磷脂双分子层的影响因素，结果表明屏蔽构象较小的两亲矩及较大的分子褶皱程度是其能够穿透细胞膜的主要影响因素，与构象的绝对疏水区域无关。

The organic acids increased totallateral pressure of DPPC monolayers, includingat mean molecular areas typical of bilayers.

这些有机酸增加单层二棕榈酸磷脂酰胆碱的总的侧向压力，包括双分子层的平均分子面积。

The basic research shows that this material owns LB membrane's good quality, the XRD examination confirmed that its thickness of bimolecular leaflet is 3.74 nm.

基础研究表明，该材料具有优良的LB膜性质，经XRD测定其双分子层厚度为3.74nm。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

The magnetite with a mean diameter of 8nm was prepared by chemical coprecipitation methods. By the addition of nonionized oleic acid to the suspension of magnetite in solution during precipitation, the magnetite nanoparticles were coated with a double surfactant layer. A gel-like precipitated precursor is then formed because of the hydrophobic interaction among those coated units. By transferring of this precursor to an organic solvent, the surfactant double layer on Fe〓O〓 nanoparticles reduces to one; however, it still remains as a double layer by transferring to an alkaline aqueous solution. Both these cases give in stable colloids of superparamagnetic Fe〓O〓 nanoparticles.

从解决无机磁性Fe〓O〓颗粒与有机烯类单体的相容性入手，采用化学共沉淀法，制备了平均直径为8nm的超顺磁性Fe〓O〓颗粒，在制备过程中以非离子形式引入油酸，在Fe〓O〓颗粒表面形成一个具有双层结构的疏水外壳，并通过疏水相互作用凝聚成磁性Fe〓O〓凝胶，能够以单分子层结构形式溶解在非极性溶剂中，也能够以双分子层结构形式溶解在碱性水溶液中，形成稳定的超顺磁性Fe〓O〓溶胶。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。