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Double refraction and reflection of sequential crystal interfaces with arbitrary orientation of the optic axis are discussed.

3研究了光轴方向任意的单轴晶体的连续双折射双反射。

Double refraction and/or double internal reflection in a crystal along multiple successive interfaces can be seen as a cascade of that along two successive interfaces, and thus may also be calculated.

在此基础上，分析了前一界面输出量和后一界面输入量之间的联系，可以计算两个界面上的连续双折射双反射。

The general formulation of double refraction or internal double reflection at a single interface is analyzed in terms of Huygens'principle and surface boundary conditions.

根据惠更斯定理和边界连续条件，分析了单个界面上的双折射与全内双反射，给出了光线方向和光波法线方向的普遍公式。

Information optics ; 1×N optical switch ; double refraction ; double reflection ; sequential interfaces ; integration

信息光学； 1×N电光开关；双折射；双反射；连续界面；集成

Then with the relations between the output of interface 1 and the input of interface 2, double refraction and/or double internal reflection in a crystal along two successive interfaces can be calculated.

在惠更斯定理的基础上，对从空气到晶体的折射、从晶体到空气的折射、近光轴入射的晶体全内反射和近光轴反射的晶体全内反射这四种单个界面上的双折射双反射情况，给出了同时适用于o光和e光的光线方向和光波法线方向的普遍公式。

In this dissertation, the optical implementations of integrated bypass-exchange switches and interconnection networks are investigated as the followings:(1) An electro-optic bypass-exchange switch integrated in a single substrate of birefringent crystal is proposed, which is polarization based, and consists of two beam splitters based on the phenomena of double refraction and inner double reflection and in-between an electro-optic modulator based on the electro-optic effect of crystal.

鉴于此，本论文从网络集成包装的角度出发，研究bypass-exchange开关和互连网络的光学实现，主要内容包括：(1)利用单轴晶体的双折射双反射原理和晶体的电光效应，设计了一种新颖的单块晶体集成的电光偏振控制型bypass-exchange光开关，将一个电光偏振控制型bypass-exchange光开关所必需的器件（两个光束分束器和一个电光调制器）集成在一块晶体上。

According to the boundary relations of the electromagnetic field, and based on the phenomena of double refraction and double reflection in crystals, the reflectivity and transmissivity are deduced at boundary when an extraordinary beam is incident from an isotropic medium upon a crystal or from a crystal to an isotropic medium with optical ax.

为分析非常偏振光在晶体表面的能量损耗，给出一种求解反射率和透射率的方法，即根据电磁场的边值关系以及晶体的双折射和双反射现象，求解晶体光轴在入射面内时，非常偏振光从各向同性介质入射到晶体和从晶体出射到各向同性介质两种情况的反射率和透射率的方法，并给出反射率和透射率的解析解，同时得到对于晶体光轴在入射面内的情况，光轴的取向对非常偏振光反射率的大小几乎没有影响，但对产生全反射的临界角θc影响较大的结论。

And obtained recombinant plasmid PGEM-VP3 by linking prokaryotic expressionby vecto r PGEM-4T-1,and identified by PCR、double restriction enzyme analysis and sequence analysis,the result showed that it's true.

用EcoR I和XhoⅠ双酶切该片段并回收该片段，将此基因片段克隆至相同酶切回收后的PGEM-4T-1原核表达载体中，获得重组质粒PGEM-VP3，经PCR鉴定，限制性内切酶双酶切分析，证实了重组质粒的正确性。

This paper introduced an eigen-mode decomposing method to decouple zero sequence parameter in double circuit. The decomposing matrix of eigen-mode component is given. The zero sequence component relationship between voltages or currents at two terminals of double circuit was achieved by composing eigen-mode components.

提出一种采用特征模量分解方法对同杆多回线间的零序参数解耦，并给出了同杆双回线零序参数特征模量分解矩阵，通过特征模量分解得到同杆双回线路两端之间的零序电量关系。

Shuangli Machine Manufacturing Co., Ltd. mainly produces the "double force" brand series of bending machines, shears and blade molds and other products, product sales all over the country, exported to Southeast Asia.

双力机床制造有限公司主要生产"双力"牌系列折弯机、剪板机及刃模具等产品，产品销售全国各地，出口到东南亚等地区。

Shop assistant: Please check at the door.

店员：请您到门口柜台交费。

In the end, transportation of PAHs in the environmental matrix was preliminarily investigated and discussed according to PAHs data of soils and sediments from a certain region in Shanghai. The result indicated that there are two or more pathways on PAHs transportation in the environmental matrix.

最后，对上海特定地区内PAHs在环境介质中的迁移径途进行了分析讨论，结果表明上海市土壤和沉积物等环境介质中PAHs的迁移存在多种途径。