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The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

结果：1、钳夹分离切肝法不需特殊仪器设备，只要具备常规的腹腔镜器械即可实施，成本低，肝断面较易渗血；2、微波固化切肝法肝实质出血很少，视野清晰，成本低，操作简单，是一种安全、简便、有效的方法；3、超声刀是目前较为理想的切肝器械，术中出血少，但是，切割速度慢，手术时间长，而且，切割强度有限，适用于无肝硬化的肝切除；4、Ligsure具有挤压粉碎及高频电凝止血两大功能，可使包括7~以下管道的肝组织碳化、形成焦痴，具有一定的优势，但是，也存在分离钳电凝止血的缺点；5、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除可以利用术者左手的灵活性及手感，便于术中显露、分离、控制出血等，可随意协助右手及助手的主要操作，缩短了手术时间，大大提高了腹腔镜肝切除的安全性，李朝龙等的改良方法，同样达到了手辅助目的，又节省了费用；6、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法可以使用剖腹肝切除常规器械及剖腹肝切除技术，操作简单、可靠，适用于肝左外叶切除及右肝第V段切除；7、Endo一GIA切肝法在离断肝组织的同时闭合管道结构，多用于肝左静脉、门静脉分支、管径较大胆管的切割，缺点是不能用于较厚肝组织的切割，而且价格昂贵；8、临床巧例腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功，手术时间最短1.5h，最长sh，平均125 min，多数在100 min左右，手术出血量最少50 ml，最多500 ml，平均1 78 ml，除2例合并严重肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者术后出现少量腹水，1例术后发生胆漏外，其余无并发症，发生胆漏的1例患者术后住院40d，多数在术后一周左右出院，术后住院时间5一40d，平均gd。

During the 19th and 20th centuries there were huge achievements on philosophy literature art and music; a variety of activities were also booming at that time Richard Strauss(1864-1949) born at that era when the social phenomena influenced his music learning process combined the classical and romantic music styles and further developed his unique composing style There were 5 chapters in the dissertation The research motivation purposes methodology and the literature review were included in Chapter One Chapter 2 focused on understanding how the history background and personal attitude influenced Richard Strauss' composing style Through the study of the romantic musicians like Franz Schubert1797-1828 Robert Schumann(1810-1856 Johannes Brahms(1833-1897) Hugo Wolf(1860-1903) Gustav Mahler(1860-1911) and etc I attempted to get a complete picture of musical evolution in Chapter 3 In addition Richard's classic compositions were categorized and organized in order to gain a deep understanding of his music From the study and the analysis of Strauss'"Vier letzte Lieder" the features styles the format and the life of the two poets Hermann Hesse1877-1962）and Joseph von Eichendorff(1788-1857 were explored and the relationship between the music of this composition and the poetry were also discussed Chapter 5 summarized the main arguments to give a short account of Strauss' lifetime rich experiences and thinking in his eighties

横跨十九、二十世纪的理察·史特劳斯（Richard Strauss，1864-1949）正是欧洲人文发展空前灿烂的年代，无论在哲学思想、文学、美术以及音乐方面，都有辉煌的成就。在他音乐学习历程中，结合了古典时期及浪漫时期两种音乐风格，发展出独特的作曲风格。本论文分成五章：第一章绪论包括研究动机、研究目的、研究方法及步骤以及文献探讨；第二章则从对理查史特劳斯生平的详实记载中，了解他创作作品的时代背景和心情；第三章则就浪漫时期艺术歌曲作家舒伯特（Franz Schubert1797-1828）、舒曼（Robert Schumann1810-1856）、布拉姆斯（Johannes Brahms1833-1897）、沃尔夫（Hugo Wolf1860-1903）及马勒（Gustav Mahler1860-1911）等，以诗人、旋律、伴奏型态及曲式和声，稍加整理并说明，以便了解艺术歌曲在此时期之演变过程。并将理查史特劳斯艺术歌曲作品分类统整，藉此对他的艺术歌曲能有更深一步的了解。第四章《四首最后的歌》之音乐探究与分析，则探讨此部作品诗人赫塞（Hermann Hesse 1877 - 1962）及艾辛朵夫（Joseph von Eichendorff﹐1788-1857）的生平和作品特色，以及诗的结构与格式，和此部作品音乐与诗的关系。第五章结语说明史特劳斯一生丰富经历与晚年想法，创作出一组宁静感人又深刻的终曲。

There are two uses of"you……you……"pattern in contemporary Chinese--- one is parataxis ,another is non-parataxis .

该格式可分为并列式和非并列式两类，本文从形式特征及语义等方面对这两种句式尤其是并列式"又……又……"进行了考察、分析，同时通过对这两种句式的对比，归纳出两者之间的差异及使用条件。

Bidens pilosa var. radiata, one of the rapid expanding invasive weeds, has become prevailing throughout Taiwan. A study on the result enhanced by the breakdown of geographic isolation with the native varieties in genetic variation, population structure and introgressive hybrization is really in need. In this study the genetic variation and population structure among the varieties of Bidens pilosa complex were studied using ISSR markers.

在台湾Bidens pilosa种群在外部形态及分布上均非常类似，加上大花咸丰草又属极具侵略性的新归化种，在与其他自生变种又无明显隔离下，是否增加种间之交流与渐渗杂交之机会及对族群结构的影响，实有深入探讨之必要。

The research applied landscape ecology, integrating land using, ecology networks, and the concept of human needed environment model addressed by Odum to build natural and cultural criteria which are used to decide natural factorsand cultural factors. Subsequently, applying the criteria and planning procedures to category land into agricultural and non-agricultural areas. The agriculture areas include basic grain production areas, and leisure agriculture areas. The non- agriculture areas include agriculture of river corridor ecology restoration areas and remnant cultivates lands. Above all, remnant cultivated lands are separated into wilderness, parks or indefinite areas because of different context.

本研究运用之理念包括地景生态学、整合土地使用、生态网络及Odum提出四种人类需求环境模型；据以研拟自然及人文面原则，进行自然因子(NDVI值、坡度、高度、土壤等)及人文因子之准则建构；再依准则及划设流程规划出农业及非农业区域二类型，其中农业类型包括基础粮食生产区、休闲农业区，非农业区包括河廊农业生态复育区及剩余耕地，其中剩余耕地又依背景因子不同划设为荒野化、公园化或模糊区使用。

My home baby 24 days from birth has started milk ringworm, 5 months particularly serious, head down the drain, the septic, with a Doctor Pevisone,艾洛松, and off Min Leigong medicine and head and Min Tang, but as long as one drug, milk immediately ringworm many and serious, more than a month on baby weaning, milk powder by the forces for polyspermy to多美滋, there are still milk ringworm.

我家的孩子从出生24天就开始有奶癣，5个月时特别严重，头上流水，出脓，医生配了派瑞松，艾洛松，及脱敏药雷公腾及扑而敏，但只要一停药，奶癣马上又多又严重，孩子一个多月就断奶，奶粉由力多精换到多美滋，仍有奶癣。

Extensive foreign accent studies have long recognized the crucial role of second language (L2) prosody to successfully convey linguistic and pragmatic meaning in exchanges with native speakers. However, much less work has been dedicated to the prosodic differences in fundamental frequency (F0), intensity, and duration between Taiwanese advanced English speakers and native English speakers. In order to bridge the gap, the present thesis (1) compares the acoustic features between compounds and phrases,(2) compares the acoustic correlates in English compound and phrasal stress between NNG and NG, and (3) examine if NNG can differentiate compounds from phrases.

中文摘要本研究的所探讨的问题有三个，第一，比较英语复合词及片语重音在声学上的差异，尤其是在重音节上的比较；第二，比较台湾高等英语学习者在英语复合词及片语重音上与以英语为母语的外国人有什麼声学上的差异，此声学上的差异又分为三大类：音高(F0)、音量、音长，下又细分成14个参数；第三，我们也探讨台湾高等英语学习者是否能在声学特质展现区别复合词与片语的现象。

Low level radwaste disposal problems are complex. Many important issue, such as radionuclide migration in the geosphere, must be carefully evaluated before making decision. This project will explore the use of a hydrogeological decision support system for solving these complex problems. The system will integrate hydrogeological analysis tools, geographic information system, mathematical models, stochastic and statistic methods, graphical interface, and decision system. By using the system, it is expected that many different alternatives can be efficiently analyzed and evaluated, and results can be presented much more effective to decision makers, while compared with the conventional presentation. Basing on the prototype system developed in the last two years, this project will integrate more analysis tools and improve the functions of the system.

中文摘要低放射性废料处置所牵涉之问题甚为广泛且复杂，其中又以放射性核种於地下水中迁移所造成之风险性分析最为重要，一般而言，一个水文地质决策支援系统将结合水文地质、地理资讯系统、数学模式、序数及统计、图形介面、优化及决策分析等理论及工具，方能使该系统迅速分析各种不同方案，并以最有效方式将分析结果呈现於决策者；因此，本计画预计延续八十二年至八十三年间，初步完成之整合风险分析模式之决策分析系统刍形，并於其基础上继续整合及发展一些关键技术及工具，以增加系统必备之功能，使其系统更趋完善，达到实用之目的。

In respect that various requirements of load and temperature on different parts of the baker, firebrick lining was chose reasonably, and the dosage of light heat preservation brick is in enlargement. As a result of that, the weight of the furnace was decreased, and increased its performance of heat preservation and cumulation was increased consumedly. With the use of ""W"" type fire tunnel and straight-through dilatation joint, and two enlargement of the perpends on the wall appropriately, all the problems of heat preservation in the anode baker, uniform temperature in the tunnel, and its life span were solved effectively. In the research of anode blocks in and out of the furnace, and of tidying it up, the multi-function crane clamps was alented and the assembling unit was reconstructed, which made it easy to automatic ally assemble the carbon blocks of various specifications with only one set of assembling unit.In the aspects of automation, a new type pulse combustor and solid thermocouple, as a result of that, not only the control accuracy of the fire tunnel's temperature was increased, but also the system function was improned to be more dependable, safe and practicable.

在焙烧炉炉体研究方面，针对焙烧炉不同部位的负荷及温度要求的不同，合理选用耐火材料，加大轻质保温砖的用量，既减轻炉体的重量，又大大提高炉体的保温蓄热性能；火道墙采用&W&型火道结构，直通性膨胀缝，并适当加大火道墙竖缝，有效地解决了阳极焙烧炉的保温、火道温度均一及火道墙的使用寿命等问题；在阳极炭块装出炉及清理等研究方面，通过对编解机组及多功能天车夹具进行改造，实现一套机组对多规格炭块的自动编组、解组及装出炉问题；焙烧炉自动化控制研发中，采用先进的分散式控制系统，研制开发新型脉冲燃烧器及实体型热电偶，不仅提高了火道温度的控制精度，而且提高了系统的可靠性、安全性、实用性。

From the burden increased aspect clarify set upthe necessity of station, then pass to drew up to set up generalizeof transformer substation and line direction to consider, and passto analysis of carry the data, safety, economic and dependableconsider and made sure the 110 kV, 35 kV, 10 kV and station useelectricity of lord connect line, then again through burdencalculation and power supply scope made sure main number, capacityand model number of the transformer set, also in the meantime makesure the station uses capacity and model number of transformer,end, according to biggest keep on work electric current and shortcircuit calculating of calculation result, to the high pressureRong break a machine, insulate a switch, female line, insulate sonand wear a wall set tube, electric voltage with each other feelingmachine, electric current with each other the feeling machinecarried on choose a type, thus completed a 110 kV electricity apart of design.

本文首先根据任务书上所给系统与线路及所有负荷的参数，分析负荷发展趋势。从负荷增长方面阐明了建站的必要性，然后通过对拟建变电站的概括以及出线方向来考虑，并通过对负荷资料的分析，安全，经济及可靠性方面考虑，确定了110kV ，35kV ，10kV 以及站用电的主接线，然后又通过负荷计算及供电范围确定了主变压器台数，容量及型号，同时也确定了站用变压器的容量及型号，最后，根据最大持续工作电流及短路计算的计算结果，对高压熔断器，隔离开关，母线，绝缘子和穿墙套管，电压互感器，电流互感器进行了选型，然后进行配电装置和平面布置的设计以及防雷的设计，从而完成了110kV 电气一次部分的设计。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。