参考面

A real-time interferometric method for testing asphere was proposed to measure aspherical surface with small asphericity without other null optics.

对非球面度较小的非球面，直接利用标准球面镜作为参考表面，通过数字干涉仪可以测得全孔径位相分布，将所得的数据剔除参考球面波相对理论非球面的偏差，并运用最小二乘拟合求得机构定位误差，消去此误差，即可获得真实的面形信息。

Referring to the function of cylindrical lens and the principles of holographic optical elements, we make this holographic element, which can achieve the optical function of cylindrical lens, and have the advantage of large-scale, short focal length and well-distributed light energy, in order to meet the requirements of laser direct writing synthetic holograms.

实验结合激光直写合成全息拍摄时所需柱面透镜的功能，参考全息光学元件的制作原理来制作图像柱面压缩全息光学元件，实现柱面透镜的光学功能，并使元件具有大面积、短焦距、会聚光均匀分布的特点，满足激光直写合成全息拍摄对图像的需求。

Based on the theory of gearing and differential geometry, a series of geometric relationships between conjugate tooth surfaces are analyzed, basic relationships of normal curvature as well as geodesic torsion between conjugate tooth surfaces are derived mathematically for the most general form of gearing.

基于微分几何和齿轮啮合理论，分析了共轭啮合齿面间的一系列几何关系，从而揭示了两个作空间共轭啮合运动的齿面之间的法曲率、短程挠率的内在几何联系。作为上述理论的具体应用，研究了准双曲面齿轮传动两齿面之间在给定参考点处的法曲率、短程挠率的关系

The determination of projective coordinates in different reference ellipsoid ,which is with the transform between Ellipsoid elements in different reference ellipsoid ,gets the Coordinates in corresponding new Ellipsoid,and finally projects to horizontal coordinates.

位于不同参考椭球面下投影面坐标的求解，是通过不同参考椭球间椭球元素的转换，求得对应的新椭球体上的大地坐标，最后投影至平面坐标。

We expect it will benefit the industry field to break through the optical measuring limits at present by offering some new ideas. Optical measuring research based on moire interferometry has developed for several decades. The main idea of this research is to utilize the moire effect caused by two superimposed gratings of identical or similar spatial frequency. One is the reference grating and it is a virtual grating created by a computer program in this research; The other grating is the image of grating projected on the measured surface by the DLP projector, and this grating will distort because of the different sloped profile of the surface. To superimpose the program-created grating and the captured distorted grating will derive the so-called moire effect. This research combined the basic theory of optical interferometry and moire effect to project the different phases of the projected grating fringes by the phase-shifting method and compute the principal value of arguments between -π,π. In the end, the phase unwrapping program based on discrete Fourier transform of solving PDEs is used to unwrap the phase of the measured surface, and finally the surface profile is derived by the optical measuring system.

以叠纹干涉术为基础的光学检测研究之发展早已行之有年，而在本研究中所采用的投影叠纹法(Projection moiré)之主要精神在於藉由两道空间频率相近或相同的光栅相互叠加而成的效应，其中一道为参考光栅，而本研究中的参考光栅是以程式产生可调整不同空间频率的虚拟光栅；另一道则为投影至待测物表面的光栅影像，而在起伏高度不一的待测表面上的光栅影像会受到待测物表面起伏状况不同而在观测方向产生光栅投影条纹影像的歪曲变形，将电脑产生的参考光栅与由影像撷取装置所获取投影於待测物表面的光栅影像作叠合，便会产生所谓的叠纹效应；利用基本的光学干涉理论与叠纹效应结合，本研究中以相移法来改变投影於待测表面的光栅相位，再以相移法的理论反运算出在带有待测面各点高度资讯之介於-π，π相位主幅角，再以离散傅立叶转换解偏微分方程的相位重建程式还原待测面的相位值，以得知待测面之表面轮廓。

The input method of multi-scale data and three levels data index are investigated, a new own idea about how to represent multi-scale seamless data is advanced. The viewpoints that seamless GIS is looked on surface of globe reference ellipsoid as spatial information positioning standard and looked on geographic coordinates as reference of spatial data storage are explored, and based on reference ellipsoid surface coordinate, the measurement model of distance, azimuth angle and area are given.(4) The flowchart of data production of seamless GIS is analyzed, on the basis of the program algorithm and the interactive processing of feature adjoining relation, the data production method of seamless GIS is discussed.

研究了无缝GIS多格式、多比例尺空间数据入库的模式，创新性地提出了用数据中间件模式解决GIS多源空间数据无缝集成的新方法，研究了多比例尺数据入库的方法和三级索引机制，并对无缝GIS数据的多尺度表示提出了自己的看法；阐述了无缝GIS以地球椭球面为空间信息定位的参考面、以地理坐标进行空间数据存储的观点，并给出了在椭球坐标系下的距离、方位角和面积度量模型。

On the basis of Earth surface space using reference ellipsoid as height basis, map space using Gauss-Kruger projection plane as height basis, a viewpoint is proposed that map projection actually establishes corresponding relationship between the height bases of two different spaces above. From the viewpoint of projection and visible representation, the relationships among earth surface space, RS imagery space and map space are analyzed; the differences among different representations of earth surface space are identified theoretically; virtual reality is applied to the representation of land surface space, and a prototype of real 3D virtual reality system based on spatial information is developed. By means of digital simulation, virtual reality representation of land surface space in visual image space is realized.

在以参考椭球面为高程基准面表征地表空间、以高斯-克吕格地图平面为高程基准面表征地图空间的思想基础上，提出了地图投影实质上是建立两个空间的高程基准面之间关系的观点；从投影和可视表达的角度，分析了地表空间、遥感图像空间、地图空间之间的关系，从理论上区分了对地表空间的不同表达方式之间存在的差别；将虚拟现实技术应用于地表空间的表达，研制了空间信息三维虚拟现实系统原型，利用数字模拟技术在视像空间实现了对地表空间的真三维虚拟现实表达。

This research is in accordance with "The Integrating Reference Frame of Public Affair Management" to demonstrate "The policy of the recognition of educational qualifications from Mainland Area" and apply Moore 's V.C.S., the triangle strategic analysis in Value, Capacity and Support addressed in 1995, in searching for the reference variables in value, capability and support while making policy and explain the different comprehensions among each policy-maker by the mold of Social Judgment Theory, SJT, engaging in the questionnaires of SJT and proposing the policy modification after comparing with general questionnaires to enhance the acceptance of the policy of the recognition of educational qualifications from Mainland Area.

本电子全文仅授权使用者为学术研究之目的，进行个人非营利性质之检索、阅读、列印。请遵守中华民国著作权法之相关规定，切勿任意重制、散布、改作、转贴、播送，以免触法。论文使用权限校内校外完全公开统计本论文已被浏览 3499 次，被下载 434 次摘要本研究系依循「公共事务管理整合参考架构」现象面对「大陆学历采认政策」作政策论证，再应用Moore（1995）所提出的V.C.S。（Value， Capacity， Support）策略三角分析，寻找政策在价值面、能力面及支援面上的决策参考变数，并应用社会判断理论（Social Judgment Theory， SJT）的模式实施SJT问卷来解释不同决策者间的认知差异，并对照一般问卷后提出政策修正建议，以提升大陆学历采认政策接受度。

BUTTOCK LINE, A vertical reference plane along the fuselage for horizontal measurements of the airplane.

纵剖线，沿机身走向的垂直参考面，用于飞机的水平测量。

At present, the effective area of the piston gauge is mostly measured with the initial balance method. This method uses the definite small mass to eliminate the pressure caused by the difference of the liquid of the two reference plans of the piston gauge.

目前多采用起始平衡法测量气体活塞有效面积，起始平衡法是用一定的小砝码来消除两活塞参考面液体的高度差所产生的压力。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新