参考系统

Finally, applications of the anomalous propagation of microwave in tropospheric ducts are discussed: in connection with concrete radar parameters, effects of ducts on radar range and detection performance are discussed, the results obtained are of great value for the overall design of radar systems; by use of the interference standards of ITU-R, the co-ordination area of satellite earth-station under tropospheric ducts environment is studied ; by explaining the relationship between evaporation duct and advection fog, a new way to forecast sea advection fog from evaporation duct is provided.

最后讨论了对流层大气波导环境下电波异常传播特性的应用：结合具体的雷达系统参数，模拟计算了大气波导对雷达作用距离及发现概率的影响，对雷达系统的总体设计具有重要的参考价值；对表面大气波导环境下的卫星地球站通信协调区域进行了确定，从理论上很好地给出了协调距离量级的概念，为卫星地球站与地面微波站之间的协调提供了依据和参考；分析了利用海面蒸发波导来快速预测平流海雾的新方法，完善了平流海雾的预报方法，对海上安全作业和生产具有重要的意义。

According to the demand of high magnetic field power supply, reference is increased with a set ramp rate and stops at a set stable value, so reference system is composed of digital setting and digit to analog converting circuit. But the stability of reference is mostly guaranteed by the performance of D/A circuit, so D/A circuit is particularly studied in reference system. The scheme of D/A circuit, the selection of DAC and its voltage reference, hardware anti-jamming design and PCB design are discussed in detail, and software of remote control and PLC are discussed in brief. Zero-flux DC current transformer well satisfies the demands of the high stability of Load current detection unit, so the principle of zero-flux DC current transformer is analyzed; in the mean time a project which detects the long term stability is designed. During 8 hours, analog signal which is detected with high precision digit multimeter is recorded in computer at 1HZ frequency by GPIB communication. The drift error source and related parameters are explained in the compare-amplify part. Detailed subtraction circuit is designed; also amplifier chip and periphery components are selected and verified according to the theory of error analysis.

根据强磁场电源的需求，参考源应按照软件设定的斜率逐渐上升到设定稳态值，则参考源系统应由数字给定和数模转换电路两大部分组成，而参考源的稳定度主要依靠完成数模转换功能的模拟电路的性能来保证，因此本文对参考源系统的研究以数模转换电路为重点，分别从电路方案的确定、数模转换芯片及其基准电压源的选取和验证、电路板硬件抗干扰和PCB设计几方面进行了论述，然后对数字给定部分的远控组态和PLC程序设计作了简要介绍；采用零磁通原理的直流电流转换器很好地满足了对负载电流检测单元高稳定度的需求，本文详细分析了零磁通检测的原理，并在选定此种类型电流转换器的基础上设计了一套检测长期稳定度的方案，8小时内以1秒为采样周期，通过计算机Labview程序和高精度数字电压表的GPIB通讯，将被高精度数字电压表数字化后的模拟信号采样值连续记录至计算机中；比较放大环节简要阐述了漂移产生的原因和相关参数指标，确定了具体的减法电路形式，并根据误差分析理论对运算放大器和外围元器件进行了选取和验证。

Taking the structure dynamical variables of LFSS as system states, the variable structure model reference adaptive coupling active control system is established.

以LFSS的结构动力学变量为系统状态，建立了变结构模型参考自适应耦合主动控制系统，研究了高阶参考模型和滑态参数矩阵的选择方法。

ABSTRACT A robust control system design method via model reference and inverse system theory is presented in this paper,and compared with the model reference adaptive approach and the inverse system design method.

摘 要 给出了一种基于模型参考最优化方法和逆系统设计方法的鲁棒控制系统设计方法，并将其同模型参考自适应方法和逆系统方法进行了比较。

E. the method of model reference plus inverse system.

基于动平衡状态的概念，本文还提出了一种将模型参考控制系统中模型输出与对象输出同时偏置，以实现无差控制的方法：模型参考逆系统方法。

Firstly,the Image Jacobin Matrix for GRB-400 robot which is a dynamic look and move system has been established.Then,a hierarchical Model Reference Adaptive Control law combined with a fuzzy regulator is proposed to solve the control problem,and the comparison of the experimental step responses between system with fuzzy logic and system without fuzzy regulator is delivered.The experimental results show the feasibility and advantage of the control l...

首先建立了视觉伺服GRB-400机器人的图像雅可比矩阵，然后针对该动态Look and Move系统提出了一种带有模糊自调整能力的分层模型参考自适应控制的设计方法，其特点是设计方法简单并可以在线调节相关参数，给出了闭环系统的阶跃响应实验结果，并与原分层模型参考自适应控制闭环系统的动态性能做了比较，实验证明了改进后的闭环系统具有更好的动态性能。

Then the system parameters were gain from solving non-linear equation. First, the figure which the circle projecting on the CCD plane by the camera led is proved as an ellipse, and find out the reference point coordinate by calculate the canters of ellipses. Then the system parameters were gained from calculating the formulas in two pictures.

首先证明了参考圆在合适条件下经过相机镜头所成的像是椭圆，通过椭圆的中心求出参考圆的中心，就得到了各个参考点的位置；然后通过各个参考点分别在两个相机坐标系中的位置来确定相机之间位置关系参数，就完成了系统的标定。

So we designed a adaptive synchronizing controller based on hereinbefore hardware environment: first a small magnitude reference signal r is outputted to system through the signal card (to ensure that the vibrating system works in a linear state), and this signal is sent to the moving coil of vibrator through the power amplifier, so vibration is produced through electromagnetic induction. Secondly the vibration signal can feedback to the data acquiring card in the servo system through the acceleration sensor on the Vibroseis reactor M〓 and the base-plate M〓, then the computer can get the current vibrating state y〓 of the coil of vibrator according to the feedback information from the data acquiring card, and give a real time comparing between the current state y〓 and the reference output y〓 of the set-in reference model with current reference input being r , then regulates the correlative controlling parameters according to the error e〓=y〓-y〓 till y〓→y〓, finally normal signal sweeping begins with a certain phase fixed. Meanwhile a synchronization signal for seismic signal record is sent to seismograph from synchronization signal outputting component in the Vibroseis system to perform the controlling process of synchronization of sweeping phases.

为此，我们基于以上的硬件环境设计了一个自适应同步控制器：首先通过信号发生卡对系统输出小幅度的参考信号r(从而保证振动系统工作处于线性状态)，信号通过前置放大器、功率放大器等送到激震器动圈，并通过电磁感应产生振动，振动信号通过可控震源激震器反应块M〓和基板M〓上的加速度传感器反馈给伺服系统中的数据采集卡，工控计算机根据采集卡的反馈信息，获取当前激震器动圈的振动状态y〓，并实时地将该状态与内置的参考模型在当前参考输入r下的参考输出y〓进行辨识，再将两者输出误差e〓＝y〓-y〓对系统的有关控制参数进行调整，直至y〓→y〓，最后在经过某一固定的相位后，开始信号的正常扫描过程，与此同时，由可控震源系统的同步信号输出部件向地震仪送出一地震信号记录同步信号，进而完成扫描相位同步控制过程。

We made the light absorption coefficient measurement system with Nuclepore filter which were used to collected aerosol particles. The system has one laser beam which is split into two laser beam, one being information light which transfer through glass pipe, the other being reference light which transfer directly through atmosphere. so the measurement system could well eliminate the effect of all kinds of measurement errors which were caused by optical ullage and circuit noises and power fluction.

本测量系统利用核孔过滤膜采集气溶胶粒子，测量系统的光路由同一光束分为两路光组成，一路为信号光，通过光管传输，另一路为参考光，通过信号光和参考光相比很好地消除了测量系统中由于光管损耗、电路放大倍数的差异及光功率起伏等因素所引入的误差对吸收系数测量的影响。

Communication;Communication systems;Communication technology;Construction;Data;Data exchange;Data processing;Data processing system;Definition;Definitions;Earth's surface;Encoding;Geodesy;Geographic information;Geographical;Geography;Geology;Geomatics;Geotechnics;Information;Information technology;Modelling;Reference materials;Reference model;Standardizations;Unified Modeling Language

中文标题地理信息。参考模型中文主题词通信；通信系统；通信技术；建筑；数据；数据交换；数据处理；数据处理系统；定义；地球表面；编码；大地测量学；地理信息；地理的；地理；地质学；地理信息学；土工学；信息；信息技术；建立模型；参考材料；参考模型；标准化；统一建模语言

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。