参考

We made the light absorption coefficient measurement system with Nuclepore filter which were used to collected aerosol particles. The system has one laser beam which is split into two laser beam, one being information light which transfer through glass pipe, the other being reference light which transfer directly through atmosphere. so the measurement system could well eliminate the effect of all kinds of measurement errors which were caused by optical ullage and circuit noises and power fluction.

本测量系统利用核孔过滤膜采集气溶胶粒子，测量系统的光路由同一光束分为两路光组成，一路为信号光，通过光管传输，另一路为参考光，通过信号光和参考光相比很好地消除了测量系统中由于光管损耗、电路放大倍数的差异及光功率起伏等因素所引入的误差对吸收系数测量的影响。

In the meanwhile, new neighborhood-search reference model is added into the new method to enhance ulteriorly overall situation of classification results.

同时在新方法中使用新的邻域搜索参考模型，增强了方法在搜索过程中对邻域信息的参考强度，使得分类结果的全局性得到了进一步加强。

With the objective of the robot′s steady movement, the trajectory is sampled equably and each segment is considered as uniformly variable motion. To guarantee tracking precision, the relation between the tracking control error and the output torque of the controller is analyzed from the point of engineering.

而按照通常的规划算法所规划出的"最优"参考轨迹在实际中却难以应用，因为这一参考轨迹是基于机器人的精确动力学模型得到的，没有考虑实际系统中存在的模型不确定性，也未考虑控制器的动态特性，因而跟踪精度得不到保证。

There is a holding angle at the vertex of hexagon.

当参考电压矢量位于过调制模式Ⅰ时，其轨迹位于六边形内部的部分仍保持为圆形，其幅值略大于参考电压矢量的模值，以补偿空间矢量在六边形边上的电压损失；在六边形之外的圆形轨迹变为六边形的边沿，此区域内，电压空间矢量的幅值扭曲，相位连续。

Optimum designs of fundamental circuits such as analog switch, reference resistor ladder and voltage comparator are also carried out.

首次提出并联方式参考电压电阻网络结构，有效地提高了参考电压的精度，加快了输出稳定速度。

The feedback signal and a reference voltage are compared by the comparator, and when the value of the feedback signal is equal to that of the reference voltage, the comparator produces a switch control signal to regulate the duty ratio of the switch circuit so as to stabilize the output voltage.

通过一个比较器比较这个反馈信号和参考电压，当反馈信号与参考电压的值相等时，此比较器产生一个开关控制信号调节开关电路的占空比以稳定输出电压。

The author suggests some ways to apply the situated learning theory in the elemetary education practice, such as: designing authentic learning activities and curricula ; adopting the learning model of the cognitive appentice ; teaching with scaffolding and coaching ; emphasizing the cooperative or collaborative learning activities; and employing the situated-learning-based multiple computer program teaching and learning.

情境学习理论相当具有启发性与优点，值得国教育界来参考应用，应用的方可为：设计真实化的学习情境与课程、采用认知学徒制教学、进行鹰架协助式教学、重视合作学习与分组教学式教学、以及运用情境式电脑模拟互动多媒体辅助教学等，可供学校教师适时参考应用，如能加以实践相信对於国小教育将有相当贡献与助益。

DCFR, as the most far-reaching research project in the field of private law, tries to set up a bais not only for theCFR in the european political aspect, but also for the law-making, judicature and legal education aimed to realize the u-nification of european private with a down-to-up approach.

共同参考框架草案》作为欧盟成立以来最大的私法研究项目，尝试通过自下而上的方式奠定欧洲私法统一的基础，为欧洲政治上的&共同参考框架&以及各个成员国的立法、司法和法学教育提供比较法的素材。

To further enhance the timeliness of making formalities for the domestic ship's handling and the domestic ship's building and the effective operations of changing flag operation of bareboat offshore companies, this text analysed the detailed steps of formalities making and operation at multi-angle in order to achieve a reasonable cost accounting and running, hoping to make important function in ship's building as well as the development of maritime transport .

为进一步加强船舶建造营运手续办理的时效性和光租境外公司换旗操作的有效办理，本文多角度综合分析了手续办理和操作的详细步骤，以期实现成本的合理核算与运行，希冀对船舶建造以至航海运输的发展产生积极意义，值得特别一提的是，本文在撰写过程中，除了参考有关公约、法规、办法等法定文书之外，没有任何参考文献。

The main results are as follows:① The contents of the seven elements in both the mosses and the substrates are much higher than those normal condition;② Didymodon fallax has stronger capacity to accumulate the element Cd. It can be as the indicator of Cd;③ Comparing with the other 4 mosses, Bryum dichotomum possesses stronger enriching function for Cu, Zn, and Pb.

结果表明，铜山口铜矿这5种藓类植物体内及其生长基质中，Cu、Zn、Ca、Mg等4种元素含量较高；北地对齿藓对Cd有较强的富集能力，可以作为寻找Cd矿的特征植物；相对于其它4种藓类植物，双色真藓对Cu、Zn、Pb有较强的富集能力，可以作为寻找Cu矿、Zn矿、Pb矿的参考植物；舌叶毛口藓对Hg有一定的富集能力，可以作为寻找Hg矿的参考植物。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。