参数积分

Experimental results show that this control strategy can optimize the PID parameters on-line, good vibration reduction can be attained. So this strategy is correct and effective.

试验结果表明，该控制方法能在线优化PID的比例、积分和微分三个参数，具有一定的控制效果，由此证明了该方法的有效性。

The applications of Matlab in engineering calculation of unit operations by exemplifying several typical calculations involved nonlinear equation,interpolation,numerical integration,graphic method and log coordinate drawing are discussed.

以几个典型问题为例，讨论了Matlab在求解非线性方程及方程组、插值法获取物性参数、积分、绘图计算及对数坐标图的绘制等化工原理工程计算中的应用。

On the other hand, when we are proving the upper bounds of the Hausdorff measure functions for the level sets, although we get the answer to the cases for the symmetric processes, we had to consider multi-integral of highly dimensional functions, the proof is quite complex. Therefore, we suggest that the proof for the corresponding problem needs some new ways.

另一方面，我们在证明严格稳定过程的水平集的Hausdorff测度函数的上界时，虽然我们得到了对称的多参数稳定过程的水平集的Hausdorff测度函数上界，但是我们的方法必须考虑多重的高维积分，其证明过程也已经相当复杂，因此，我们认为，为了得到一般的严格稳定过程的水平集的Hausdorff测度函数上界，还需要引入其它新的研究方法。

The controller parameters are optimized by means of genetic algorithm to minimize the index consist- ing of the weighted index of squared error of the system and the weighted penalty term of violation of control input constraint.

控制器参数采用遗传算法进行优化，优化的指标由加权平方误差积分指标和控制力矩违反约束时的加权惩罚项组成。

The titanium border grade of Panzhihua is identified by means of statistical and infinitesimal calculus(referring to the data of Yunan's titanium properly) to get optimum application.

通过用统计和曲线积分方法(并适当参考云南钛砂资源的资料)来确定调查区合理的钛砂矿边界品位，达到矿产资源的最优利用；以规则的取样投影图形代替水平投影，对传统的地质块段法储量估算进行了数学纠正以得到合理的估算参数，并对调查区钛砂资源进行了远景储量估算。

An inhomogeneous Benjamin-Davis-Ono-Burgers equation including topographic forcing and turbulent dissipation is derived in terms of the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation, an approximate analytic solution of the BDO-Burgers equation with a small dissipation is obtained, the time variations of mass and energy of the algebraic solitary waves are discussed, and finally, the forced BDO-Burgers equation is integrated numerically and the numerical solutions are given for a given basic flow with a weak shear and a localized topographic forcing.

利用包括地形外源和湍流耗散的准地转涡度方程导出了包含强迫项和湍流耗散项的非齐次强迫BDO-Burgers方程，求出了小耗散存在情况下BDO-Burgers方程的近似解析解，讨论了代数孤立波的质量和能量的守恒关系，最后，对给定的弱切变基本气流和局地地形强迫，数值积分强迫BDO-Burgers方程，求得了不同参数下的数值解。

Sensitivity function and control sensitivity function are obtained by Youla parameterization of controller,which is used to describe an integral square performance criterion containing tracking error and control energy.

由控制器Youla参数化得到控制系统的敏感度函数和控制敏感度函数用来表示一个包含跟踪误差和控制能量在内的积分平方性能指标，针对不同类型的时滞过程运用谱分解的方法最小化该性能指标，从而导出相应控制器的设计方法，可使系统在控制能量约束条件下具有最优的控制性能。

An integral square performance criterion containing tracking error and control energy was defined. Spectral factorization to minimizing the performance index for different systems was applied and corresponding parameter tuning methods of PID controller was derived, which could be used to obtain optimal control performance under control energy constraint.

定义了一个包含跟踪误差和控制能量在内的积分平方性能指标，针对不同系统运用谱分解的方法最小化该性能指标，从而导出相应的PID控制器的参数整定方法，可使系统在控制能量约束条件下具有最优的控制性能。

Gears ; scoring ; calculation/integral tem perature criterion ; flash temperature criterion ; optimum seeking parameter

齿轮；胶合；计算/积分温度准则；闪温准则；优选参数

In light of the approximation of Muskingum flood calculation model,an improving model on average flow within prescribed time in flood calculation is presented using curve integral instead of general arithmetic mean.

针对马斯京根洪水演算模型的近似性问题，用曲线积分法改进了原模型中时段流量的简单算术平均值法，并利用连续性空间优化问题的蚁群算法对改进的马斯京根洪水演算模型进行参数最优估计，使演算流量更加接近实际。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。