参数积分

A series of theoretical and experimental studies on the microstrip patch antennas with dielectric superstrates is carried out systematically. Firstly, a comprehensive survey of the microstrip antenna technology and its theories are presented. Then, two analysis techniques, named as the spectral domain Green's function method and the spectral domain integral equation method are developed. The SDGF method is a simplified analysis technique, which takes advantage of the spectral domain immittance approach to find the dyadic Green's function for the stratified media, and obtains the complete closed-form formulas for radiation patterns, directivity, efficiency, gain etc. Some interesting calculated results are presented. The SDIE method is capable of determining resonant frequency, radiation characteristics, input impedance etc, for the covered microstrip patch antennas. Comparing with other full-wave analyses it reduced computation and mathematical labour remarkably. The singularities near the pole location of the surface-wave modes and the difficulty of the integral computation over infinite range of oscillating integrands are dealt with actively and documented well. Results predicted by the SDIE method agree extremely well with our experimental results for resonant frequencies of various superstrates. The superstrate effects on impedance and radiation characteristics also have been investigated experimentally so that the gap due to lack of measured data and computed results for multi-layered superstrate has been filled to some degrees and two useful observations have been achieved for weakening the resonant frequency shift and optimizing the microstrip antenna gain. As a meaningful application, the design and analysis of a 4×4 patch array are introduced.

实用微带天线普遍加介质覆盖层来防护热，物理损伤和环境影响，也可能在飞行或严酷气候条件下自然形成覆盖层本论文对带介质覆盖层的微带贴片天线系统地作了一系列理论和实验研究首先，对微带天线技术和理论作了全面的综述然后，发展了两种分析方法，称为谱域格林函数法和谱域积分方程法SDGF法是一种简化的分析技术，它利用谱域导抗法来求得分层媒质的并矢格林函数，并得出方向图、方向性系数、增益等参数的完整的闭式公式，给出了一些令人感兴趣的计算结果SDIE法能确定介质覆盖微带天线的谐振频率、辐射特性和输入阻抗等与其它全波分析方法相比，它明显减小了计算量和数学工作量已有效地处理了表面波模极点附近的奇异性和对振荡的被积函数的无限区间积分计算的困难对于不同覆盖层情况下的谐振频率，由SDIE法所预示的结果与我们的实验结果吻合得很好对于覆盖层对阻抗和辐射特性的影响也已作了实验研究这在某种程度上填补了缺少实验数据和计算结果之间的间隙，并得出了缓解谐振频率偏移和优化天线增益的两点有用的结论作为有意义的应用，介绍了一个4×4元矩形贴片天线阵的设计和分析。

The relationship between the G(superscript *) integral of release rate of non-spontaneous extending energy and stress-intensity factors was given. The relationships among G(superscript *) integral, load, geometry parameters and machine function parameters were provided. Furthermore, the stress intensity factor of center cracks in sectional I beam was obtained.

给出了工字型截面梁裂纹非自发扩展能量释放率G积分与应力强度因子的关系，同时也给出了G积分与载荷、几何参量以及机械性能参数的关系，进而得到工字型截面梁腹板中心裂纹的应力强度因子。

By usingthe relation between the Bergman kernel and the Riemann mapping and Plemly for-mulae,the second boundary integral equation about the Bergman kernel is obtained,moreover,the integral kernel is a continuous,without any singularity,parametized Neu-mann kernel.We discuss the case of some symmetric property,and get correspondingresults.

主要利用Bergman核与Riemann映照之间的关系，推导出Bergman核满足带有参数化Neumann核的第二类边界积分方程，积分核是连续的没有任何奇性，并讨论了具有某种对称性质的情形。

When computing the diagonal elements of the Galerkin matrix, one will encounter the integral of Hankel function, the Green's function of 2-dimensional Helmholtz equation and the cosine weighting function, whose integrand is singular in the integration range. A new approach is proposed to deal with this kind of singular integrals, which is pivotal but have not been reported so far.

首先建立了透镜边缘上任一点的电场满足的边界积分方程，然后选择适当的正交模式函数展开端口上的电场分布，采用边界元法的思路及Galerkin法将该积分方程离散化为—矩阵方程求解即可得到透镜的多模式散射参数。

Servo controller is key part of antenna control system.In some servo controller,classic PID control algorithm is adopted. In order to improve precision of control system,the integral parameter has been turned too big to use because it will cause integral saturation which depress system performance.On the other hand,ISA bus is used to communicate between servo controller and main computer.ISA is low speed interface protocol,it cannot provide more data for complicated real time position control in servo controller.

伺服控制器是天线伺服控制系统的核心环节，经典的PID控制算法在整定时整定出的积分环节参数较大，很容易出现积分饱和，造成控制精度的降低；另一方面伺服系统中伺服控制器与主控计算机通过低速的ISA总线进行通信，无法满足控制器进行复杂的位置控制运算所要求的实时大信息量的数据传输。

Additionally,the calculation methods of the parameters (two phase pseudopressure integral and two phase non-Daccy flow factor D) involved in the equation and the calculating example are discussed briefly.

此外，还讨论了该方程参数(两相拟压力积分和两相非达西流系数积分)的计算方法及算例。

The results show the high accuracy quality of spectral element method and the stability of Newmark time integral method. Then some computational parameter is changed in example one such as the subdivision style of computational domain, time step length and such on. Some important conclusions and strategies for spectral element method with Newmark integral method for computational aeroacoustics can be given. The feasibility of spectral element method for computational aeroacoustics is verified.

计算结果表明谱元方法的高精度及Newmark时间积分方法的稳定性，并改变算例的计算参数，例如计算区域剖分方式、时间推进步长等进行了计算，得出了一些重要结论，为使用谱元方法结合Newmark积分求解气动声学问题积累了重要的经验，最终证明了谱元方法求解计算气动声学问题的可行性。

through making use of the reciprocal statistical fluctuation and the confirmed experimental data of the mass and charge of bose hadrons,to improve the research of the mass effect of the high order integral calculus connection of hadrons multiple number distribution.

本文通过利用bose强子的倒易统计起伏和质量与电荷证认数据来改进构造多重数分布的高阶积分关联的质量效应的研究，不仅质量效应被明显地揭示出来，而且说明高阶关联的实验数据，积分关联参数、奇斜度、峭度和统计矩是质量效应的理论基础，同时半群对称性的兰道不等式也得到了实验的支持。

In order to achieve good dynamic performance for disturbance rejection, parameter vibration and set point tracking, an intelligent fuzzy self-tuning PI control is used to control the velocity for the piezoelectric ceramic motor.

因此，本论文针对压电陶瓷马达驱动系统参数变动或负载干扰影响，提出一智慧型模糊自调式比例积分控制架构，藉以改善传统比例积分控制的缺点，而得到较佳的系统暂态响应及负载干扰的消除。

This paper aims at the design, implementation and evaluation of an industrial brushless servomotor drive. The proportional-plus-integral speed control with gains tuned by an extension of the frequency-zone method and anti-windup PI speed control based on self-conditioning techniques are studied. The parameters of speed performance criteria, control loop bandwidth, per normal inertia, and noise sensitivity are employed to evaluate the performance of the drive.

本文针对工业用无刷伺服马达驱动器进行设计与制作，延伸频率区域法分别设计比例积分控制之增益值，以自我条件技术完成比例积分速度控制之反卷起设计，并依据速度性能准则之参数，如控制回路频宽、惯量标么值、杂讯灵敏度等，进行驱动器之性能评估。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。