参数积分

The results of wave-making coefficients and relative data of wave-making field both from computation based on RANS approach and Michell integral method are provided for 7 different designs of bulbous bow lines respectively in this paper.

以球首的几何特征参数作为自变量构造了7条模型，分别应用CFD方法计算了船首的兴波波场和应用Michell积分方法确定了船体的兴波阻力系数。

A mathematical cascade model of 35 kV power transmission line with concentrated parameter is developed and a multiple modules coupling model of this power transmission system fit for digital real-time simulation is further presented on the basis of known model of synchronous machine and composite load.

建立了35kV输电线正常运行状态级联集中参数数字仿真的数学模型，并在已知同步发电机、变压器和综合负载模型的基础上，进一步提出了适合于35kV馈电系统数字实时仿真的多模块耦合模型，同时给出了相应的数字积分方法。

It describes the heteroskedasticity character of interest rate by projecting the sample data onto the EGARCH (1, 1) auxiliary model, makes making the covariance matrix as moment conditions and uses EMM to estimate the parameters. EMM avoids the disadvantage of infeasible or computationally intensive of maximum likelihood functions.

通过将观测数据映射成EGARCH(1， 1)辅助模型描述利率行为的异方差特征，以协方差矩阵为矩条件，用有效矩估计方法得出模型参数，避免了最大似然估计法似然函数不可知或难以求积分的缺陷。

The results of numerical experiments, using the four-dimensional variational data assimilation system of the nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MM5, show that: the tangent linear model and adjoint model conducted by keeping the "on-off" switches the same as the basic state, can provide a good approximation of the first-order information to the NLM perturbation and a good descent direction for the minimization procedure; switching on and off at every other time step in the Kuo cumulus parameterization scheme don"t impact the convergence rate of cost function; the existence of the switches don"t impact improvement to the MM5 model rainfall prediction because that not only specific humidity ,but also wind, temperature and pressure are assimilated into the model.

非静力中尺度数值模式MM5的四维变分资料同化系统进行的数值试验结果表明："开关"变量保持与基态一致，所构造的切向线性模式能够提供关于非线性模式扰动的一阶近似，伴随模式所计算的梯度值能够为最小化过程提供较好的下降方向；郭氏降水参数化方案中对流每隔一个积分步的交替发生并不影响目标函数最小化的收敛速度；"开关"变量的存在也不影响将风、温度、气压和比湿结合起来同化对MM5降水预报准确性的提高。

The non symmetric vibrating character of shaking table is an important factor influencing on shaking table separation and is also the main basis for determining correctly the parameters of shaking table .

针对这一问题，根据实测的摇床振动位移曲线，利用频率分析法和近似积分的原理，采用 E1、E2和 C参数的差动特性系数对摇床差动特性进行了综合评定。

And control problems such as optimal import rate control, optimal harvesting control, optimal birth control are investigated. By means of nonlinear functional analysis, differential equations, integral equations, and modern control theory, a number of research results are obtained, which are theoretically valuable and provide a solid ground for the practical use of our models.

本文系统讨论了几类年龄依赖的单种群和多种群动力系统，综合应用非线性泛函分析、微分方程、积分方程以及分布参数系统控制论等理论与方法，深入地研究了这些系统的解的存在性、唯一性以及非负有界性；研究了这些种群动力系统的最优输入率、收获率和出生率控制问题，获得了一批重要的理论成果。

By using center manifold theorem and normal form of maps, we also present formal proofs of the supercritical flip bifurcation at the bifurcation point. Above this threshold, there is a characteristic sequence of bifurcations, leading to chaotic dynamics, which implies that the dynamical behavior of the single species model with birth pulses are very complex.

利用单参数族映射的中心流形定理、正规型和指数积分函数的性质，得到了具非线性出生率或具密度依赖成熟率的混杂矩阵模型正平衡态的存在性和稳定性、超临界分支以及各种复杂现象甚至混沌。

In study on structure damage identification in time domain, error of numerical integral will affect directly accuracy of parameters resulted from reversion.

在结构损伤识别的时域法研究中，数值积分的误差将直接影响反演参数结果的精度。

Integral optical density can be used as an important parameter in distinguishing normal cells from malignant lymphocytes.

积分光密度可以作为鉴别正常细胞与恶性淋巴瘤细胞的重要参数。

A fuzzy controller with integral parameter is designed, and applies it to the temperature control system of resistance furnace.

摘要设计了一种带有积分参数的模糊控制器，并将其应用于电阻炉的温度控制系统。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。