参数的

A constant wall temperature experiment was made for the helixes of eight different parameters.

对8种不同参数的螺旋线进行了恒壁温实验。

It shows that the velocity of particle, after short time acceleration, increases slowly.

本研究为底喷粉工艺参数的制定提供了理论依据。

A proportional+forward scheme, in which the engine speed and the accelerator pedal position is the input, is proposed.

提出了一种以发动机转速和加速踏板位移作为输入参数的比例+前馈控制方案。

The spiral angle of graduated circle was rough estimated by measuring the addendum circle diameter and modified on milling machine.

介绍了精确测绘单一斜齿圆柱齿轮齿形参数的简便方法，即测量公法线长度计算基圆齿距从而查表确定模数和压力角；测量齿顶圆直径估算分度圆螺旋角，用分度头在铣床上修正分度圆螺旋角，并进行误差分析。

Based on the data, the changing characteristics of parameters and their capability for classification of aftershock sequences have been discussed.

在此基础上对序列参数的变化特征及其序列分类能力进行讨论。

The result provides a theoretical basis for selection of flow parallel flat tube parameters for the domestic air conditioner condenser.

研究结果为家用空调器中平行流冷凝器多孔扁管参数的选取提供了理论依据。

In this thesis, firstly, some main models have been checked on their accuracy, and the reliability of MACORS code has been verified by the RELAP5/MOD2 code on five transient conditions for QSNP: loss of flow; loss of offsite power; incontrollable control rod withdrawal; the feed-water temperature increasing and the feed-water lost. The results obtained are very satisfactory. Secondly, MACORS is used to calculate the operating and accident transients for QSNP, and the analysis results are significant to real engineering. And finally for MNRS, MACORS is used to simulate the steady-state natural circulation heat-removed capacity and the transient behaviors from forced circulation to natural circulation. Some important conclusions are obtained by the analysis results.

本论文首先从各方面对核动力系统中最主要的、热工水力特性最复杂的反应堆和蒸汽发生器进行单独验证和理论分析，其次分别利用RELAP5/MOD2程序和MACORS程序对秦山核电站的双环路失流、全厂断电、反应性事故引入、主给水参数变化及丧失主给水五种瞬态工况进行了计算，结果符合很好，从而证明了本程序模型的准确合理性，选择数值方法的有效性和编制程序的正确性；尔后，利用MACORS程序对秦山核电站的多种运行及事故瞬态进行了分析，得出了具有工程价值的结论；对船用核动力装置的稳态自然循环载热能力以及相应参数的特性、强迫循环与自然循环的过渡工况等进行了仿真分析，所得结论对我国核动力船舶的设计，运行以及安全审评具有重要的意义。

In this paper, the stress and strain fields of lithosphere in Himalayan Western Syntaxis orogenic belt and its adjacent areas since 10Ma are investigated through using the 3-D finite-element simulation, and deformation and evolution process in former 2Ma are simulated with different rheological parameters and rheological structure. Studies on functions in simulation process of different viscosity parameters, constitutive relation and changes of initial curst thickness show below results:(1) When various viscoelastic models are adopted, the selection of the coefficient of viscosity in the Western Syntaxis area has important influence on the its uplifts and evolutions. The computational results show that the viscosity in the Western Syntaxis area should be smaller than 1023Pa·s;(2) When the elastic model is adopted in relatively rigid Tarim basin, obvious changes are induced to the stress and strain fields of the whole Western Syntaxis area;(3) The existence of mechanical property stable block doesn′t make the propagation of the stress field show obvious decoupling phenomenon.

用数值模拟的方法探讨了自10 Ma以来喜马拉雅弧形造山带的西构造结及邻区岩石圈的形变和位移变化特征，并采用不同的流变参数和流变结构模拟了前2 Ma内的形变和应力场的演化过程，通过对不同黏性系数、本构关系和初始地壳厚度的改变在演化过程中所起的作用研究表明：（1）采用黏弹性模型时，西构造结区黏性参数的选取对西构造结及邻区隆升高度和隆升范围有重要影响，计算结果给出西构造结区地壳黏性系数应小于1023Pa·s；（2）相对刚性的塔里木盆地采用弹性结构时，对整个西构造结区域的应力和应变场均能引致明显变化；（3）力学性质稳定块体的存在并没有使应力场的传播出现明显的解耦现象。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Three kinds of arm's robust control theorys are designed: the torque control based on FNN controller, the computed torque control with sliding mode compensation and the computed torque control with WNN compensation. FNN syncretizes the reasoning ability of fuzzy control and parameters' self-learning ability of neural networks. It does not depend on the precision of the mathematical model, and can overcome the impact of the uncertainty effectively. So FNN is regarded as the manipulator controller and used to the trajectory tracking of arm control. The computed torque control with sliding mode compensation is designed.

在此基础上，研究了机械手臂的鲁棒控制法，分别设计了基于模糊神经网络的机械手臂力矩控制方法、基于滑模变结构控制补偿的机械手臂力矩控制方法以及基于小波神经网络补偿的机械手臂力矩控制方法，具体内容如下：模糊神经网络融合了模糊控制的推理能力和神经网络的参数自学习能力，它不依赖于对象精确的数学模型，能有效地克服被控对象存在的不确定部分的影响，本文把模糊神经网络作为机械手臂的关节伺服控制器，通过对网络参数的学习训练来调整机械手臂关节的控制力矩，实现对机械手臂的轨迹跟踪控制。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。