参数的

Events,Operation and Relation of Sets, Classical Probability, Geometrical Probability , Statistical Stability of a Frequency, Axioms of Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability Theorem, Bayes' Rule,Independent Events,Independent Repeated Trials, One Dimensional Random Variables, Discrete Random Variables, Distribution Function of a Random Variables , Continuous Random Variables, Normal Distribution, Distribution of a Function of a Random Variable, Multidimensional Random Variables, Joint Distribution Function, Marginal Distribution Function,Discrete Two—Dimensional Random Variables,Continuous Two—Dimensional Random Variables, Independent Random Variables, Distribution of Functions of Random Variables,Expectation,Variance, Covariance, Coefficient of Correlation, Bivariate Normal Distribution, Law of Large Numbers, The Central Limit Theorems, Sample and Population ,Chi—Squared, T and F Distributions , Sampling Distributions , Point Estimation , Interval Estimation , Testing Hypotheses , A Test of Significance for Parameters in a Single Sample From a Normally Distributed Population , A Test of Significance for Parameters in Two Sample From Normally Distributed Populations .

本课程的主要内容：概率的概念与运算、随机变量及其分布、随机变量的数字特征与极限定理、数理统计的基本概念、估计和检验的基本方法，随机事件与概率随机事件、事件的关系与运算、几何概率、统计概率等，条件概率、全概率公式、贝叶斯公式、事件的独立性、二项概率公式，随机变量的概念、离散型随机变量、随机变量的分布函数、连续型随机变量、随机变量函数的分布，多维随机变量及其分布函数、边缘分布函数、随机变量的独立性、二维随机变量函数的分布，数学期望、方差、协方差和相关系数、大数定律、中心极限定理，总体与样本， X 2-分布、 t-分布和 F-分布，统计量及抽样分布，假设检验的基本概念、单个正态总体参数的显著性检验、两个正态总体参数的显著性检验。

Linear solvation energy relation was firstly introduced in the paper, and the method and step of gaining the special parameters of solvent and solute were introduced in detail, and these special parameters were used to selection and optimization of extractive agent in extractive distillation. The model of predicting activity coefficient at infinite dilution was established by linear solvation energy relation. By the above theory, several candidate solvents were selected to separate C5 fraction, and by experiment of vapor-liquid phase equilibrium at atmosphere pressure, the mixture of N-methyl-pyrrolidone including 4% water was used extractive agent of separating C5 fraction. Then binary vapor-liquid phase equilibrium of the some compound in C5 fraction and N-methyl-pyrolidone were determined at atmosphere pressure and correlated by NRTL equation. Isoprene being objective compound, experiments were operated in the laboratory-scale column; the processes were simulated by RadFrac model in ASPEN PLUS. And by the combination of experiment and simulation, the new process of separation of C5 was established.

本文首先对线性溶剂化能关系进行了分析介绍，也介绍了采用溶剂化能关系得到溶质溶剂特性参数的方法步骤，并将这些参数用于萃取精馏萃取剂的选择与优化；也通过线性溶剂化能关系式建立无限稀释活度系数预测模型，取得了一定的预测精度；将通过上述方法初选的溶剂进行了常压汽液平衡的测定研究，通过实验研究选定含水4%的N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液做为C5分离的萃取剂，测定了大量N-甲基吡咯烷酮与C5组分的二元平衡数据，并进行关联计算；以异戊二烯为目标产物在实验室规模的精馏塔内进行了C5分离的实验研究，取得大量塔内数据；通过选用合适的热力学模型，采用ASPEN中RadFrac模块对分离过程进行模拟研究，通过实验与模拟相结合，建立了C5分离的新工艺，为将来的工业化打下了坚实的基础。

At and , we can get a univariate cubic equation in and its three roots . By the dependence of the roots and the coefficients of the equation, we can choose corresponding space points ( such that the distance is the shortest from to the point with parameters and . Thereby we can get all the data of discrete points on the cubic curve of blending surface at . Again we denote the maximum value and minimum value of planar parameter with which meets by and respectively.

利用根与系数的连续相依性，可以选相应的空间点使其距离的圆截线上对应值的点最近的两个根，从而得到处拼接曲面的截线的离散点的数据并确定出与相截的平面参数的最大最小值类似地由处拼接曲面截线的离散数据得到处的离散数据，这样可以依次计算出拼接曲面上对应所有参数点的离散点的坐标。

The main research work of this paper are focused on following areas:(1) Based on review of the theory and methods on measurements of particle fields, a new idea for obtaining particle size and velocity distribution within a spray through imaging the particle field with a laser light sheet was put forward;(2) A DPIV (Digital Particle Image Velocimetry) system, is fit for velocity measurements of low speed flows, was developed and expended to particle size distribution measurement;(3) An arithmetic for particle velocity field reconstruction was developed, and the velocity distribution of water mist was also obtained;(4) A software system for particle analysis, which based on image geometry emend, de-noise and image partition was developed, the parameters such as particle size distribution, mean diameter, number of particles, minimum and maximum diameter can be got with this system;(5) A water mist system was developed and its characteristics, such as droplet velocity, size distribution, number of droplets and spray cone angle under different conditions were obtained from experiments with PIVS;(6) The measurement results of water mist characteristics with PIVS were compared and analyzed with the simply simulated results, and in addition, in order to verify the accuracy of PIVS, some experiments were conducted with the standard particles, such as glass-ball with known mean diameter of 50μm and 115μm, metallic coated tracing particle with mean diameter of 12μm;(7) Some experimental studies on interaction of water mist with liquid pool fires were conducted.

本论文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：（1）在对粒子场测量的相关理论和具体方法进行综述分析的基础上，提出了通过采用激光片光对粒子场进行成像以获取其粒径和速度等参数分布的新思路；（2）研制了适宜于低速流动速度场测量的DPIV(Digital Particle Image Velocimetry)系统，并使其实现了对粒子场粒径分布的测量功能；（3）研制了基于粒子运动轨迹的速度场重建算法，获取了细水雾雾场的速度分布；（4）研制了基于几何校正、去噪、图象分割等图象处理方法的"粒度分析软件系统"，该系统既可分析给出粒子场的粒径分布直方图和平均粒径，还可给出粒子的数目以及最大、最小粒径等信息；（5）建立了一细水雾发生系统，并应用上述方法对不同压力条件下细水雾系统的雾场特性（如速度分布、雾滴粒径分布、雾滴的数目、喷雾张角以及雾化长度等）进行了实验测量研究；（6）对细水雾特性参数的PIVS测量结果与计算机简单模拟计算结果进行了定性比较分析，并利用平均粒径为50μm和115μm的玻璃球以及12μm的标准示踪粒子对PIVS系统的粒径和速度测量结果进行了实验验证，同时对其局限性进行了分析讨论；（7）对不同工况条件下细水雾与油池火相互作用的过程进行了模拟实验研究。

Since the 1960s,the leading shipbuilding countries begin to study on the ship condition monitoring and trouble analysis, Nobodys engine-room shipping on duty appeared .certainly the condition monitoring and trouble analysts system also meets some question ,such as: only give alarm or show the actual value of the parameter, does not possess the function of analyzing and giving operator the direct suggestion function about the complicated trouble reason , Only monitor the present running conditions, does not possess the function of predicting equipment future and run reliability though trouble analysis technology makes good progress in these yeas, onboard the ship is still rare .aiming to improve the shipping safety, this paper make some research work on the ship engine-room, the main innovation are as follows:Firstly, this paper introduces and analyzes the research work and current situation on the condition monitoring, trouble analysis and safety assessment .especially in the maritime fields .

船舶机舱系统结构复杂，故障源多，征兆参数丰富，故障与征兆之间常常不存在简单的对应关系，而是相互影响，关系错综复杂。60年代以来，世界上先进的造船国家都相继开展了船舶机械状态监控和故障诊断的研究，出现了无人值班机舱船舶，但仍存在不足之处，如：只给报警提示或显示参数的实际值，不具备对复杂故障的原因分析并给操作者以直接的提示或建议功能；只监测当前的运行状况，不具备预测设备未来运行可靠性的功能；尽管近年来设备故障诊断技术得到了很大的发展，但真正能成功应用于实船的尚不多见。本论文以船舶机舱为对象，以提高船舶营运安全性为目标，来研究船舶机舱的安全控制技术，主要内容如下：首先，介绍和分析了状态监测、故障诊断和安全评估的研究内容和现状，尤其是在船舶领域的研究近况。

This paper analyze and study the influence of the superimposition in depth based on the previous achievements and combined with the theoretical qualitative analysis and project instances. The main contents as follow:Chapter 1: Indicate the significance and objective of this paper, review the previous achievements of the transient process and superimposition, and then present the study purpose of this paper.Chapter 2: combined with the physic knowledge of the fluctuation and the superimposition, Indicate the physical essences and the influence of the superimposition phenomena that exist in the diversion pipe system, and take one hydraulic turbine owning only one diversion tunnel and two hydraulic turbines sharing one tailrace conduit for instance to study out the numerical calculation superimpose operations.Chapter 3: From the calculation theory of the parameter of the guaranty calculation of regulation of the hydro-turbine, qualitative analyze the influence of the superimposition on them and the superpose time, combined with some project instances, get the numerical value of the influence of the superimposition and the superpose time.Chapter 4: Based on the previous achievements of the calculation and theoretical analysis of the surge-chamber ground swell, analyze the influence of the superimposition on it and the superpose time.

本文在前人研究成果的基础上，结合理论定性分析及工程实例，对波动叠加带来的影响进行深入分析研究，其主要内容如下：第1章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水电站过渡过程及波动叠加方面的有关研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容；第2章，结合物理学中有关振动与波动叠加方面的有关知识，阐述水电站引水发电系统中存在的波动现象的实质及其影响，并以两机一洞和一机一洞具有上游调压室或下游调压室的水电站拟定其数值计算叠加工况；第3章，从机组调保参数的理论出发，定性的分析波动叠加对机组调保参数的不利影响及叠加时间，结合几个工程实例，得到波动叠加带来的影响大小及叠加时间；第4章，在前人对调压室涌浪进行计算和理论分析的基础上，分析波动叠加对调压室涌浪的影响及其叠加时间。

This project also obtained several limit theorems for some important dependent random variables and stochastic processes, such as the Strassen law of the iterated logarithm for negatively dependent random variables, strong limit theorems for mixing random vectors in Banach spaces, sample path properties for two-parameter fractional Wiener processes, and so on.

随机环境中的随机变量与随机过程的研究在国内外相当活跃，本项目主要研究它们的极限性质，着重研究了随机风景中随机变量与随机过程的极限性质，主要取得了以下几个结果：首先对简单对称的Kesten-Spitzer随机游动在低阶矩的条件下给出了强逼近，大大减弱了前人要求任意阶矩的条件，然后对独立风景中的一般随机变量给出了强逼近的一般性结果，由此导出在风景和随机变量都只具有低阶矩的条件下的独立但不同分布、混合相依变量的强逼近，在只有弱高于二阶矩的条件下得到了重相对数律和弱收敛；给出了连续时间参数的Brown风景中Brown运动和稳定风景中稳定过程的滞后增量和连续模等精确样本轨道性质；同时给出了一些重要的相依随机变量和过程的若干极限定理，如负相关随机变量的Strassen重对数律、抽象空间上混合相依变量的一些强极限定理成立的充分必要条件、两参数分数Wiener过程的样本轨道性质等。

The analysis of the optical signal transmission characteristics and the physical parameters provides the theoretical foundation for optimizing the design and improving the performance of AWG; and the optimizing design numerical value calculation method solves the complex problem of the optimizing design of the AWG, it can also provide a way for AWG computer aided design system; the AWG optical signal processing analysis provide a way for optical signal Fourier transform, serial and parallel transmission, circle shift, matrix transform and differential processing; the optical signal processing characteristics of AWG develop AWG to use for new field, and the optical signal processing will play an important role on all-optical networks in the future; by the definition of the wavelength transform matrix of the AWG, the signal output positions that come from these input signals of the different wavelength or the same wavelength but the different input ports and carrying different signals can be accurately determined, and the wavelength transmission matrix plays an important role for analyzing the routing of the complex optical network, or designing the network nodes such as the optical path add/drop multiplexer and optical cross connect device; the wavelength transmission matrix also provides a method for monitoring and managing the wavelength transmission of the optical network nodes; e analysis of the AWG' OXC node structure and wavelength routing provides a way for realizing the OXC, especially for multi-path/multi-wavelength OXC and the intelligence node of the optical networks; by the studying of the control plain characteristics, router, traffic engineering, program and the improved arithmetic of the wavelength routing, the method for realizing the GMPLS' OXC optical transport network is provided, and it play an important role for the study of the automatic switched optical network; the time-frequency analysis can provide more information about the dispersion and energy changes of .the pulsed light transmission in the singlemode fiber, it also provides more useful parameters for analyzing the dispersive accumulating and dispersive compensating.

AWG光信号传输特性与相关参数的分析，为进一步优化设计AWG及提高其性能提供了理论依据，而优化设计计算数值方法解决了AWG优化设计计算的复杂问题，为进一步建立AWG的计算机设计系统提供了基础；AWG光信号处理的特性分析，提出了AWG应用的新领域，为光信号的傅立叶变换、串并传输、循环移位、矩阵变换、微分处理等提供了一条途径；波长传输矩阵变换关系的建立，不仅得到了确定多路AWG每路信号从输入端口到输出端口的准确输出位置的方法，而且在分析应用AWG实现复杂的光通信网络路由的连接、特别在设计分插复用器和交叉连接器等网络节点时有重要的作用，能有效而准确地确定波长的路由关系，为实现节点波长传输路由的监控和管理提供有效手段；基于AWG的OXC结构和波长路由的确定为实现OXC技术、特别是多路多波长的OXC和光网络的智能节点技术提供了有效的方法；控制平面的特征、路由器、流量工程、程序及改进的波长路由算法的研究实现了基于GMPLS的OXC光传送网络的控制平面，为建立自动交换光网路提供了一定的基础；时频分析可以更直观和更清晰地描述脉冲信号在单模光纤中传输色散和能量的变化，为色散积累和色散补偿提供有效的分析参数。

It is able to initialize parameters; design and save test plan; input, save, reedit and activate test object info; real-time display of mechanics parameters and curves; programming test steps; management and report print of database.

论文以电液比例控制液压万能试验机为具体对象，在详细分析其工艺工况的基础上，给出了系统的物理和数学模型；着重就惯性负载、弹性负载不同的负载特性工况，对位置、变形、试验力控制系统进行了建模，并分析了它们的动静特性，指出影响系统精确性、快速性、稳定性的因素，并提出相应的解决办法；然后，论文推出了以工控机为控制核心的电液比例试验机控制系统；编写了电液比例控制液压万能试验机的部分工业控制软件，通过所编软件可实现：参数的初始化设置，试验材料测试方案的设计与保存，试样信息的录入、保存、修改和激活，力学性能参数和材料特性曲线的实时显示，自动程控方式下的编程，数据库管理和报表打印等功能；整个软件方案设计具有界面友好、操作方便、功能齐全等特点。

The phylogeny and applied prospect of MES are summarized in the paper. The principle of this system is analyzed from the point of view of acoustics. The surveying and filtering technology of auxiliary parameters, sounding data and the theory of image form, backscatter strength data processing, are researched deeply in the paper. The optimal model of velocity of sound is given. For sound ray tracing, some methods of correction of sound ray curve are developed. At the same time, an ideal model of sound ray tracing is proved and given. The GPS technology is applied for the determination of tide, attitude of vessel. Moreover, some methods are given. As an important topic, the systematic error is discussed in the paper. Some filtering methods are researched in this paper. Based on the current methods of image processing, the procedure and methods are tested and given that adapt to sonar image processing.

本文研究的工作是在总结多波束声纳测深系统的发展历史、应用前景的基础上，从声学角度分析了多波束系统的工作原理；对多波束辅助参数的测定和滤波方法、测深数据的滤波方法、多波束声纳图像的形成机理、图像处理以及最终应用等作了比较深入的研究；得出了适合于多波束精密深度计算的最优声速模型和声线改正模型；提出了 GPS 载波相位定位技术用于多波束辅助参数测量的思想、算法，改善了多波束系统的作业模式；系统地分析了深度数据的误差来源和类型，首次将系统误差作为影响测深精度的主要因素给以研究，并给出了削弱系统误差的方法，提高了深度数据的质量；对多波束声纳图像的形成、处理方法进行了细致的研究，给出了适合多波束图像处理的算法和流程，并从理论和实践上对声纳图像的应用进行了比较全面的研究。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。