参数方程

Aerodynamical parameters in longitudinal model of a certain type of aeroplane are identified in the paper.

论文研究了利用参数辨识方法确定飞机纵向运动模型参数的问题，在分析飞机特性的基础上选取了飞机纵向小扰动线性运动状态方程和纵向非线性运动方程作为辨识的模型，以某型飞机飞行试验实测数据为例对其进行数据预处理之后辨识了模型中的气动参数。

Therefore scientists have been engaged in research on approximate solutions of the partial differential equations,e.g.,the difference methods,the methods of characteristic curve and MWR method etc.,i.e., by using approx...

因此不少研究分布参数系统的科学工作者对这方程式近似方法进行了大量的研究，如差分法，特性曲线法和MWR法等；或者把分布参数系统近似成集中参数系统，或者把高价方程简化为低阶方程等。

The boundary value problem for first-order differential equations with a parameter refers to the finite solution condition of equation which includes unknown quantity and its first-order derivative that not only relies on interval value but also relies on the parameter of the equation,which is always settled by fixed point theory or successive approximation method.

含一个参数的一阶微分方程边值问题是指：含有未知量及它的一阶导数的方程的定解条件不仅依赖于在区间端点的取值，而且依赖于方程中的参数。通常它用不动点定理或逐步逼近法来解决。

In this thesis the process of constructing the non-perturbative Hamiltonian theory is de-scribed and is applied to estimate the vacuum condensate. It contains the following contents:At the very beginning, by using the path integral method and eliminating the gluon freedom, aGCM action 〓 of current quarks including lower order current-current coupling was derivedfrom the QCD Lagrangian and the effective Hamiltonian operator that could hardly be doneby the normal methods was derived. After doing this, the broken vacuum is introduced whichincludes quark-antiquark condensate through the generalized Bogoliubov-Valatin transformation,the effective Hamiltonian of constituent quark was derived. The detailed formulas containingthe spatial current-current coupling term for the effective Hamiltonian and gap equations wasworked out by parameterizing the correlation kernel as a quadratic potential. And then, the gapequation was solved and the quark-antiquark condensate of vacuum was studied both in the casesof instantaneous interaction and retarded interaction. In the end, the effective Hamiltionian withtwo-body quark-quark interaction was derived with one-body approximation, and with the helpof the functional integral method the coupling non-linear dynamic equations for systems withnuclear matter was derived. Finally, these equations were solved by selfconsistent method andthe effect of nuclear matter on vacuum condensate was studied. The spatial current-current coupling term is too difficult to handle, hence the correlationkernel is assumed to be not important and usually omitted in the pure vacuum condensate, andthe instantaneous interaction generally is adopted. Retaining the spatial current-current termand partial retardation effect, the quark pairs condensate in pure vacuum was studied, and theeffect of quark mass was also studied. At present, little study is focused in the case with nuclearmatter and spatial current-current term also omitted. Under the approximation with partialspatial current-current term, the effect of nuclear matter on vacuum condensate was studied.

本论文描述了量子色动力学整体色对称模型哈密顿量方法的构建过程，得到了反映正反夸克对凝聚真空结构的关于组分夸克的有效哈密顿量算符，它隐含了胶子作用，并且准确至流-流耦合项；接着，通过参数化哈密顿量中的夸克作用关联核，导出平方禁闭势参数化选择的哈密顿量的具体公式和能隙方程；随后，应用公式，编程求解，考察了瞬时作用下和部分延迟作用下真空的正反夸克对凝聚，在计算中保留了空间流-流耦合作用；之后，导出瞬时势和延迟势下包含二体作用项的哈密顿量公式，并采用单体化近似，通过泛函变分方法得到核物质存在时耦合的非线性动力学方程；在保留部分空间双流耦合作用的近似下，求解核物质的动力学方程，考察核物质密度对真空凝聚的影响，以往考察真空凝聚，对关联核的选用，由于空间流-流耦合项不易处理，也认为作用不大，常忽略该项，并且常采用瞬时作用；本文保留空间双流项和部分延迟作用，考察了真空情形的夸克对凝聚，还考察了夸克质量对纯真空凝聚的影响，以往对核物质存在情形的真空凝聚考察很少，也都忽略空间流-流项，本文在考虑部分空间流-流项近似下，考察了核物质存在对真空凝聚的影响。

The magnetic flux linkage equations and voltage equation are established according to the magnetic circuits and the magnetic conductance equation is listed according to the relations among magnetic flux, current and magnetic circuit.

模型从三相五芯柱变压器磁路出发，建立了磁链方程、电压方程，并根据铁芯和铁轭的磁通和电流关系及磁路关系列出磁导计算方程；给出了仿真模型的参数确定方法，其中参数确定与变压器的结构紧密相关。

The dynamic stability of the shell under axial compression is analyzed qualitatively by the linear equation of motion. There are three kinds of equilibrium state with different value dynamic parameter. They are stable,neutral and unstable equilibrium respectively.

利用线性的运动方程对轴压圆柱壳稳定性进行了定性分析，依动力学参数取值范围的不同，方程的解有稳定平衡、中性平衡和不稳定平衡三种情况，并给出了动力学参数与载荷参数之间的依赖关系。

They are stable,neutral and unstable equilibrium respectively. Next for a simply supported shell the relation between dynamic parameter and load parameter is given. damping and external forcing are introduced into the nonlinear equation of motion.

利用线性的运动方程对轴压圆柱壳稳定性进行了定性分析，依动力学参数取值范围的不同，方程的解有稳定平衡、中性平衡和不稳定平衡三种情况，并给出了动力学参数与载荷参数之间的依赖关系。

The formula was established about calculating design parameters and technological parameters of ideal strip and bent strip in the period of forming. The thesis presented how to calculate the deformed area length and contact are radius of contact deforming between two elastic bodies on condition of the friction. The calculating formula of pinch force about plate-strip pinch mill was given and the results were analyzed that friction coefficient and radius of pinch rolls are very important for determining pinch force. Moreover, the rule of deforming and stress distribution of different 〓 ratio were gained on condition that the deforming was considered to be non-uniform distribution in the gap. The differential equations were got that calculate the displacements of large deflection of elastic cantilever rectangle plate with fixed end and the formula of the Finite Strip Method was conducted to study the regularity of mid-plane displacements, deformation and stresses for elastic-plastic large deflection bend of cantilever parallelogram plate with fixed or slidable end by integrating Prandtl-Reuss equation.

建立了一套完整的设计参数计算公式和在成型过程中理想带钢或具有月牙弯带钢的工艺参数的调整公式；在考虑摩擦力的条件下，对两弹性体接触变形过程中的接触变形区长度和接触弧半径用位移解法进行了研究，推导了板带递送机的递送力计算公式，从而得知在递送机设计过程中，应选择适当摩擦系数和辊身直径；另外，还从辊缝内带钢实际变形出发，分析了对于不同的〓值，带钢的变形规律及应力分布状况；建立了固定端悬臂矩形板弹性大挠度弯曲变形的控制方程，并且在对Prandtl-Reuss方程的积分处理的基础上，导出了固定端和滑动端悬臂平行四边形薄板的弹塑性大挠度的中面伸展位移、变形和应力的有限条元法公式，编写了Fortran语言计算程序，在各种参数条件下，对螺旋焊管成型过程变形规律进行了全面的分析研究，从而为螺旋焊管的生产和进一步的改进提供了理论依据。

Duffing equation has parameter and initial value sensitivity. It can generate chaotic state by adjusting the parameter and initial value, and it also can generate intermissive chaotic state, if the ideal signal and the measured signal applied to the system simultaneously. The actual measured signal can be measured by using this state.

Duffing方程具有参数敏感性和初值敏感性，通过调节Duffing方程的参数和初值可以产生混沌现象，且被测信号和理想信号如果共同作用在Duffing方程上，可以产生有规律间歇混沌现象，利用这种现象就可以实现周期信号的频率测量。

The transmission of heat differential equation for the heat conduction process of thermoelectric module was derived And the solution with the first kind boundary conditions under the influence of Thomson effect and the solution with the third kind boundary conditions without the influence of Thomson effect was obtained.

在假设热电制冷的热端温度固定的条件下，得出热电制冷器在不同工况下的最佳工作参数并进一步求得在三类边界条件下的最佳工作参数；导出了电偶臂在电与热的偶合作用下传热微分方程，并对其进行解析求解：在考虑汤姆逊效应的影响下得出一类跟三类边界条件下传热方程的解析解，在忽略汤姆逊效应的影响下得出二类跟三类相的边界条件下传热方程的解析解。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。