参数变化

In this paper, based on nonlinear FEA software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, 3D dynamic simulation models of eighteen-type tubes for backward spinning was established. This paper not only obtained spinning force of tube backward spinning but also obtained the spinning force curves varying with the different reducer ratio, feeds, fillet radius for spinning roller, forming angle and diameter of spinning roller, and diameter blank inner.

以大型非线性有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA为分析平台，通过对18种几何尺寸和参数不同的筒形件三旋轮强力反旋旋压过程的三维动态模拟，得到了它们的旋压力以及旋压力随不同减薄率，旋轮进给量，旋轮圆角半径，旋轮成形角，旋轮直径和毛坯内径的变化曲线。

Results show that there is much local secondary flow in square cyclone besides main vortex, such as spiral down-stream near surface and spiral up-steam at central zone.

结果表明：方形分离器内除外涡旋与内涡旋等主流外，还存在许多局部的二次流，这些二次流是影响分离器的分离效率的主要因素之一；结构参数的变化对二次流的强度及位置产生影响，进而影响分离器的分离效率。

Results show that there is much local secondary flow in square cyclone besides main vortex, such as spiral down-stream near surface and spiral up-steam at central zone. The secondary flow is one of the effect factors on the collection performance of square cyclone. The cyclone geometry size affects on the intensity and the position of the secondary flow, and then affects on the separation efficiency of the cyclone.

结果表明：方形分离器内除外涡旋与内涡旋等主流外，还存在许多局部的二次流，这些二次流是影响分离器的分离效率的主要因素之一；结构参数的变化对二次流的强度及位置产生影响，进而影响分离器的分离效率。

The test results indicated that the precision of thetorque Sensor on the cool-starting resistance torque and starting rotate speed of the diesel engine can respectively reach 0.6 %and 0.5%, which completely satisfy the cool-starting requirements of the diesel engine at low temperature; the performance curvesof the cool-starting resistance torque for diesel engine on the condition of the different low temperature were accurately obtained,and the variation rules of the performance parameters about the starting rotate speed and the starting power for the diesel enginewere estimated, whichwas the academic basis on the optimalmatching of the cool-starting parts about the diesel engine, the elec-tromotor and storage battery and so on.

结果表明：转矩传感器用来测试低温起动阻力矩和转速的准确度分别达到0·6%、0·5%，满足柴油机低温起动系统测试指标的要求；准确地测得了在不同转速和不同温度下的阻力矩性能曲线，同时也能判断出柴油机的起动转速和起动功率等性能参数的变化趋势及规律，为柴油机、电动机和蓄电池等低温起动部件的优化匹配提供了理论依据。

The relation between the parameter of ground motion and time is transformed into a pure random process with the amplitude varying with time. Based on the concept that there is the scaling invariant fractal structure in the transmission of earthquake motion and the self-affinity of the ground motion signal in time domain, an assumption is deduced that the curve of the stationary random noise of the ground motion varying with time is a fractal graph.

将一个运动参数的时间变化过程转化为具有时变振幅的一个纯随机振荡问题，运用地震运动传递具有无特征尺度的分形结构和地运动时域信号具有统计自相似性的概念，提出地面运动随机平稳噪声的时变曲线是一条分形曲线的假设。

According to the theory of coupling of solid and fluid, the influence of fault step and dip angle on the stresses and deformations of coal layer and confining rock along with the pressure of pore water are numerically simulated by finite element method during the process of excavation above a confined aquifer. The mechanism of water inrush and the potential point of water inrush are explored. The distance of coal column for preventing water inrush is also analyzed quantitatively.

根据流固耦合理论，采用有限元数值模拟的方法，针对承压水体上采煤过程中断层参数对煤层、围岩的应力、变形和水压力变化的影响进行了模拟分析，探讨了存在断层时突水的机理和可能的突水点位置，并定量分析了防水煤柱的预留距离。

Cyclostratigraphy was born in 1980s as a subdiscipline of stratigraphy. Based on the Milankovitch theory, outcrop sections and cores are analyzed with methods such as geochemistry, spectrum analysis, and time-sequence analysis to study the complex responses of orbital forcing to sedimentary records.

旋回地层学作为一门独立的地层分支学科诞生于20世纪80年代，它以米兰科维奇天文轨道旋回为理论基础，以露头剖面、岩心等为研究对象，应用地球化学、光谱分析和时间序列分析等方法，研究天文轨道参数周期性变化在地层记录中的沉积响应。

By comparison between the parameters before and after the test, the development regulation of physico-mechanical parameters of the substratum of pit is found.

结合深基坑的突水问题进行室内模型试验研究，通过对比试验前、后的参数，发现突水前后基底土体物理力学性质的变化规律。

It indicates that theXiananshan flora belongs to a transitional type from subtropic to tropic vegetation.A close correlation is established between trichome base density of modern L. formosanaand climatic parameters. The trichome base density of fossil L. miosinica is ca. 10 cm~(-2,indicating that the late Miocene climate in Tiantai is similar to that in nowaday Guangzhou.

现生和化石枫香的角质层上都含有表皮毛／毛基，利用不同地区间现生枫香叶片上表皮毛的变化建立毛基密度(个／cm~2)与气候参数的关系，根据化石枫香的毛基密度(约10个／cm~2)指示了天台晚中新世的气候与现在广州相似。

Then, it is very important to suppress the effects of parameter and load variations of the LDM system.

然后，镇压LDM系统的参数和负担变化的影响是非常重要的。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。