参数化的

Linear solvation energy relation was firstly introduced in the paper, and the method and step of gaining the special parameters of solvent and solute were introduced in detail, and these special parameters were used to selection and optimization of extractive agent in extractive distillation. The model of predicting activity coefficient at infinite dilution was established by linear solvation energy relation. By the above theory, several candidate solvents were selected to separate C5 fraction, and by experiment of vapor-liquid phase equilibrium at atmosphere pressure, the mixture of N-methyl-pyrrolidone including 4% water was used extractive agent of separating C5 fraction. Then binary vapor-liquid phase equilibrium of the some compound in C5 fraction and N-methyl-pyrolidone were determined at atmosphere pressure and correlated by NRTL equation. Isoprene being objective compound, experiments were operated in the laboratory-scale column; the processes were simulated by RadFrac model in ASPEN PLUS. And by the combination of experiment and simulation, the new process of separation of C5 was established.

本文首先对线性溶剂化能关系进行了分析介绍，也介绍了采用溶剂化能关系得到溶质溶剂特性参数的方法步骤，并将这些参数用于萃取精馏萃取剂的选择与优化；也通过线性溶剂化能关系式建立无限稀释活度系数预测模型，取得了一定的预测精度；将通过上述方法初选的溶剂进行了常压汽液平衡的测定研究，通过实验研究选定含水4%的N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液做为C5分离的萃取剂，测定了大量N-甲基吡咯烷酮与C5组分的二元平衡数据，并进行关联计算；以异戊二烯为目标产物在实验室规模的精馏塔内进行了C5分离的实验研究，取得大量塔内数据；通过选用合适的热力学模型，采用ASPEN中RadFrac模块对分离过程进行模拟研究，通过实验与模拟相结合，建立了C5分离的新工艺，为将来的工业化打下了坚实的基础。

Firstly, the approach formulates a cost functional to turn the inverse problem into a constrained minimization problem according to least squares criterion, then the resulting constrained minimization problem is transformed into an unconstrained minimization problem by using a penalty function technique, and then the closed Fr chet derivatives of the Lagrange function with respect to the properties are derived based on the calculus of variations, finally, one can solve the resulting problem by using any gradient-based algorithm and the finite-difference time-domain method.

该方法首先以最小二乘准则构造目标函数，将逆问题表示为约束最小化问题；接着应用罚函数法转化为无约束最小化问题；然后基于变分计算导出闭式的拉格朗日函数关于特征参数的Fr chet导数；最后借助梯度算法和时域有限差分法迭代反演德拜模型参数。

Finally, by use of the Visual Basic programming language, it introduces design of ship engine-room management system , which is composed of condition monitoring and safety assessment module, engine room emergency module, engine-room maintenance module .and spare parts management module, the modeling of these function is not only favor to the onboard of the system, but can also help the maritime colleges or companies to train trainee.

总而言之，将这些任务功能模块化和软件化，既方便了实船使用，又可以做为船员或航运院校的辅助教学软件。本论文还搜集得出了机舱设备监测参数与典型故障间的关系数据库，但尚不是很丰富，机舱设备各系统选择标出的监测参数可能不是很准确和全面，所以没有在本论文中反映出来。

From the results obtained in the study, the following conclusions can be made:The methylene blue and spectrophotometer method can capture the free radicals generated successfully. This is an effective way to measuring the free radicals quantitatively in cavitation, moreover it is easy to fulfill.The intensity of cavitation increases with reduction in the cavitation number. But the different mechanism of various enhancive processes (chemical and physical processes) results in different effect by cavitation number.The effect of operating parameters, such as inlet pressure, temperature and time on cavitation indicate that optimum operating conditions exist at the cavitation enhancive effect is maximum.It is important to optimize the structure of hydrodynamic cavitation reactor for achieving a desired effect. A reasonable geometric parameter can promote the enhancive effect for a fixed hydrodynamic condition.Ventilating appropriate gas to cavitating flow can increase cavitational intensity and hence promote the enhancive effect of hydrodynamic cavitation.

研究结果表明：亚甲基蓝分光光度计法，能够成功地捕捉到水力空化产生的羟自由基，是定量检测空化自由基简便易行的有效方法；空化程度随空化数的减小而增强，但对于不同的强化过程，因其强化机理不同，故空化数对强化效应的影响也不同；水力空化系统的压力、温度及时间等操作参数对空化强化效应的影响规律表明：在适宜的操作条件下可产生最佳的空化强化效果；空化发生器结构的优化设计是保证空化强化效应的重要前提，在一定的水力学条件下，合理的结构尺寸可以增强空化作用效果：往水流中适量加入干扰气体能够提高空化强度，增强空化强化效果。

The following conclusions have been made in this paper.(1) Based on CO_2 flux data of eddy covariance, variation characteristics of gross primary productivity in four flux observation stations were studied, which are an alpine meadow, an alpine shrub meadow, a swamp alpine meadow and a steppe alpine meadow at Dongxiong. The results show that photosynthetic capacity of the alpine meadow is the highest, and the annual total GPP is 652.2g C/m~2. Daily-differencing approach is used to analyze the random error of CO_2 fluxes measurements. The results show that the distribution of random error follows more closely follows a double-exponential, rather than a normal distribution, capturing the high peak and thick tail, and the random error varies with environment variables, which violates the assumptions for the ordinary least squares fitting with normality and homoscedasticity, consequently, we introduce maximum likelihood method for parameter optimization.

本文主要在以下几个方面开展工作并获得了一些认知和结论：(1)通过分析样带区域内高寒草甸、高寒灌丛、沼泽化湿地和草原化高寒草甸四个通量观测站点草地生态系统总初级生产力变化特征，研究结果表明HBBT矮嵩草草甸生态系统植被光合作用能力较强，年GPP总量为652.2 gC/m~2，明显高于其他三种生态系统；通过利用"单塔日变化法"获得四站点通量观测数据随机误差，结果表明通量观测随机误差概率分布呈现尖峰厚尾的特征，与正态分布相比，更服从双边指数分布，进一步分析表明通量观测随机误差随环境变量(风速、温度和光合有效辐射)的变化而变化，这违背了普通最小二乘法进行生态过程模型参数优化正态分布且误差同质的假设，因此本研究中引入最大似然法进行生态过程模型参数优化。

Only one parameter is introduced to describe the plasticization effect, and it can be easily estimated by thermodynamic theory about the glass transition temperature depression.

对橡胶态适用的自由体积参数在此模型中保持有效，所引入的表达溶剂可塑化效应的唯一参数β可以通过计算玻璃化温度来确定。

To the product yield is mainly studied in the brominating process, and the best synthesizing process conditions is obtained; the effect of the selection, quantity of the solvent, the reaction temperature, reaction time, and the catalyzer to the product yield is researched in the process of ketalization and the relative preferable process conditions has been got.

在脱溴反应中，主要研究了溶剂的用量、溶剂配比、物料配比、反应时间和反应温度等对目标产物得率的影响；在选择性溴化反应中，主要研究了溶剂和溴化剂的选择、物料配比、溶剂的用量等参数对产物质量和得率的影响，最终得到了合成的最佳工艺条件；在缩酮化反应中，主要研究了溶剂的选择、溶剂的用量、反应温度、反应时间和催化剂的选择等参数对产物得率的影响，并得到合成的较佳工艺条件。

The operating main points and parameters of potato steaming-gelatinizing , liquefying , saccharifying and fermentating are introduced emphatically , the operating points and parameters of preparations of mulberry leaf juice are introduced.

重点介绍了马铃薯的蒸煮糊化、液化、糖化、发酵等工序的操作要点和工艺参数，介绍了桑叶汁制备的操作要点和工艺参数。

The analysis of the effective coefficient of immobilized enzyme reaction: The theoretical and experimental effective coefficient of different dextrine concentrations were calculated.

通过测定DMIR反应系统中的固定化糖化酶的表观动力学参数可知，其表观米氏常数分别为游离酶的米氏常数的2.845倍和固定化酶本征米氏常数的1.39倍，最大反应速度分别是上述二者的0.189倍和0.335倍；而与间歇搅拌反应罐系统中的动力学参数相比较，DMIR中测得的表观米氏常数和最大反应速度分别是间歇搅拌反应罐系统下的0.55倍和4.82倍。

The chinese character menu under the graphics model is adopted as a interface which communicates the operator to the master computer. The C language is used to program the data system and the operating system. All the welding parameters are stored in the database of the master computer and those welding parameters which are frequently used are defined beforehand, furthermore the selectable extent of each welding parameter is given according to the variers welding technology. Mouse can input and change all the data and the welding order. In order to control the welding parameter on the spot in real-time, the remotely controller is designed.

本焊接机主机的数据系统和操作系统采用图形模式下的汉化菜单作为接口，主机的数据系统和操作系统均采用C语言编程；全部焊接参数都被固化在主机的数据库中，并预先定义了常用的焊接参数，每一参数根据不同工艺给定了参数选择范围，全部数据和命令可用鼠标输入和改变；另外，为便于焊接现场对焊接参数的实时控制，设计了远控盒。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。