参数化法

For getting the major characteristic edges without confusions by undesired structures like muscle edges, we integrate a star-like edge detection filter named "Asterisk Filter" with the Canny Edge Detection in the image preprocessing. In addition, we also propose a new contour tracking method named "One-Pixel Rolling Ball Contour Tracking" for getting the boundary information in a binary image which is a link-list data structure. Instead of using a regression curvature estimator, PCA is used for better curvature estimation from a discrete bony contour.

为了从影像上取得骨头特徵边缘，将不重要的肌肉视为杂讯滤除，我们引用一种星形滤波器－Asterisk Filter，搭配Canny边缘检测法，做为这类影像的前处理；另外，为了将骨头的边缘精确地追踪出来，我们提出滚球边界追踪法，来对二值化影像进行边缘追踪，藉此获得边缘的串列资料结构；我们采用以主成分分析(Principle Component Analysis，简称PCA)取代原本以回归方法来计算的曲率，以取得更佳的曲率估测值，其可提高计算之参数的准确性。

The property of no film, micro-arc oxidation film and chromate film influenced the corrosion of joint samples which was analyzed in same corrosive conditions by calculate the corrosion effects and observe macro-photograph micro-photograph. The corrosive regularity influenced by corrosive condition factors and the corrosion resistance of different thickness of micro-arc oxidation film also be compared.

采用减重法计算连接腐蚀效应并观察试样表面的腐蚀宏观及微观形貌，对比分析了无表面处理、铬化处理及微弧氧化处理在相同盐雾腐蚀条件下对减小镁合金-钢连接腐蚀作用的差异性以及盐雾腐蚀条件参数对镁合金-钢连接腐蚀的影响规律。

Quasi Hamiltonian system; nonlinear stochastic optimal control; robustness; robust control; parametric uncertainty; uncertain disturbance; Bouc-Wen hysteretic system; Preisach hysteretic system; minimax optimal control; stochastic stabilization; stochastic averaging method; stochastic dynamical programming principle; stochastic differential game; maximal Lyapunov exponent

国家自然科学基金；拟Hamilton系统；非线性随机最优控制；鲁棒性；鲁棒控制；参数不确定性；不确定扰动； Bouc-Wen滞迟系统； Preisach滞迟系统；极小极大最优控制；随机稳定化；随机平均法；随机动态规划原理；随机微分对策；最大Lyapunov指数

Linear non-homogeneous boundary conditions ; Homogenizing ; Transformation of parameter ; Stable ; Unstable

非齐次线性边界条件；齐次化；参数变易法；稳定；不稳定

In this paper, the maximum likelihood algorithm with process and measurement noise for nonlinear continuous-discrete system given by Jategaonkar and Plaetschke is improved in two aspects: 1 to avoid the disadvantages of sensitivities computation by common finite-difference method, in which the perturbation sizes should be selected optionally, an improved finite-difference method with best perturbations, is presented. 2 to improve the numerical stability of Jategaonkar's algorithm, maximum likelihood algorithm with fast triangular square-root decomposition filter is given.

摘要对Jategaonkar等人给出的同时计及过程及观测噪声的非线性连续-离散系统的极大似然算法从两个方面进行了改进：1给出了计算灵敏度的最佳摄动有限差分算法，避免了普通有限差分法计算灵敏度矩阵时需人为选择参数摄动量大小而带来的缺点；2给出了具有快速三角化平方根滤波的极大似然算法，提高了原算法的数值稳定性。

During numerical integration the triple integral is time consuming and divergent when the number of higher waveguide modes increases.

本文首先建立波导宽边中心倾斜孤立辐射裂缝的积分方程，然后用矩量法求解得到了孤立缝的S参数及归一化等效阻抗。

The geology research of carbonate reservoirs in Ordovician of Tahe oilfield showed that many large dissolved vugs and fractures were developed. The spread of the reservoir take on a very heterogeneous state. And the typical fractured-vuggy reservoirs was formed. According to the combination of the various spaces, the formation was divided into vuggy formation, fractured-vuggy formation and fractured formation. The research showed that development of the vug is relevant to the its position on the structure, the fractures, the water surface and the weathering surface. Multi-phase charge and recharge of the oil in the reservoirs resulted in the complexity of the fluid distribution. So the"Bottle Model"was brought forward to explain the movement of the water-oil contact. The special storage space and the complex fluid distribution lead to the unstability of the production and the complexity of the water cut. In order to explain the characteristic of the fracture-vug unit was brought forward and the basic principle and method of the partition of the fracture-vug unit was formed. The classification and evaluation of the units were performed according the reserve and energy. Based on the research of geology characteristic and the fluid flow in the reservoir the comprehensive numerical simulation plan of the fractured-vuggy reservoirs were established. Through the selection of the simulation unit, fluid flow type and parameter equivalent the triple media reservoir simulation model was established. Considering the practical application the model was resolved by the DKR decomposition conjugate grads method. Based on the fine reservoir description of Dsitrict IV of the Tahe oilfield the various space type were classified and combined together. The geology model of Unit S48 was constructed. Two typical single well model was established according to the geology and the dynamic phenomena. Finally the single well model and the Unit S48 were simulated by the triple media reservoir simulator. Via the local grid refinement and coarsening in the simulation good matchs were gained. Based on the results of the simulation the reserve distribution, percent of reserve produced in various space and the natural energy were analyzed. The fluid was storaged in the fractures and vugs mostly and more than 90% the produced oil came from the systems. The energy belonged to the active one. The results of simulation accorded with the fact and showed the validity and practicability the research and the simulator.

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩油藏的地质研究表明，其储层中发育着很多大型的溶蚀洞、缝，储层的平面展布呈现出极度的非均质性，形成了典型的缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏，根据各种孔隙介质在储层中的组合，将储层分为了溶洞型、裂缝-溶洞型和裂缝型三类；研究表明溶洞储层的发育和构造位置、裂缝的发育、潜水面和风化面的位置等因素有关；多期充注的油气成藏模式导致了流体复杂的赋存状态，由此提出了所谓的"瓶子模型"，解释生产过程中油水界面的变化；特殊的储集空间类型和流体分布特征导致油田在开发过程中表现出很大的不确定性和含水变化的复杂性，为了合理的解释油气田开发过程中的动态特征，提出了"缝洞单元"的概念，并制定了"缝洞单元"纵横向划分的基本原则和依据及划分方法，并对"缝洞单元"进行了分类和评价；基于地质特征和流体在其中流动规律的研究，提出了缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的数值模拟综合解决方案，通过模拟单元的选择、流动类型和参数的等效，建立了三重介质油藏三维三相数值模拟模型，采用不完全LU分解预处理共轭梯度法进行了求解；在塔河油田4区精细油藏描述的基础上，将各种类型的孔隙空间进行了归类组合，建立了S48单元的地质模型；通过对油井生产动态进行分析研究，建立了两类和油井地质、生产动态相对应的单井模型；最后应用三重介质油藏数值模拟软件对单井模型和S48单元进行了数值模拟，通过局部加密和粗化等技术模拟流体流动规律，取得了很好的拟合效果；结合数值模拟结果，分析了各种介质中的储量分布、储量产出的百分比以及地层的能量，认为塔河油田缝洞型油藏中流体绝大多数储集于缝洞系统之中，所产出流体90%以上也来自于缝洞系统，其底水能量属于较充足的类型；模拟结果和油田实际情况符合较好，说明了地质研究和油藏数值模拟研究的正确性。

The yield was 84%. With OP-10, NPE as the the catalyzer for the diazo reaction, the use of hydrolyzed propenenitrile instead of propenoic acid, and OP-10 as the catalyzers of the aminate reaction, these experiments showed the feasibility of industralization, due to the much reduced costs, shortened reaction time and a higher yield.

采用壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-10）、萘磺酸甲醛缩合物作重氮化反应催化剂，丙烯腈加成、水解替代丙烯酸，OP-10做氨化反应催化剂，通过四因子三水平正交试验法实验，得到较佳反应参数，反应时间、收率、成本都大大降低，适宜工业化生产。

Therefore, this paper introduced Binning method and computed parameters through changing the comparability measurement between dates and selection style about core-point,in order to reduce the dependence of the clustering for initial parameters. Experiment demonstrates the algorithm is efficient and accurate.

引入 Binning法和改变数据之间相似度测量方式、中心点的选取方式来进行初始化，从而大大减少聚类结果对初始参数的依赖，实验证明该算法是高效的、正确的。

In this paper, several traditional models for computing are introduced at first. Conferring probability theory, the load boundary condition of that collector is analyzed, the characteristic values of Tubesheet in different design reference periods are computed. Based on homogenization method, after lots of numerical experiments, the mechanical characteristic of Tubesheet controlled different structure parameters is studied, and an empiristic formulas that could simplify Tubesheet to stiffen plate is gained. Then, G-M method is employed and Tubesheet is simplified to a normal plate.

本文在总结传统计算方法的基础上，参考概率设计方法，分析了大型袋式除尘器的荷载边界条件，计算了不同设计基准期下的花板可变荷载标准值，结合均匀化方法，通过大量数值实验，得出了不同参数对花板受力性能的影响规律，并拟合了将花板简化为加劲板的经验公式，再参考正交异性板法，最终推导了花板简化为均匀平板的经验公式。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。