参数化法

When using restricted maximum likelihood for parameter estimation, we need to get the minimum of a function. But if the expression of the function is complicated, it is difficult to obtain the derivatives of the function. We introduced conjugate direction method which avoided the derivatives.

在用限制极大似然法估计参数时，需解决函数的极小化问题，而当函数的表达式较为复杂时，将难以获得其偏导数，本文给出的共轭方向法，避开了求导问题。

If the Landweber method and pre-iteration method were convergent, the residue sequence would be monotone decreasing. By analyzing the convergence, the fact is demonstrated that for the severe ill-conditioned matrix of sensitivity coefficient, because of the limitation of the precision of the computer, the residue sequence is not monotone decreasing; thereby the reconstruction images diverge from the true distribution of the conductivity. So the generalized inverse method with threshold is established and the selection way of the regularization parameter is presented, by which the better images are reconstructed.

Landweber法和预迭代法收敛，则其残差序列单调递减，通过对它们的收敛性进行分析，证实对于病态性严重的灵敏度系数矩阵，由于受计算精度的限制，迭代过程中的残差序列不再单调递减，从而导致重建图象偏离实际电导率分布，因此作者建立了带阈值的广义逆算法，提出了规则化参数选择方法，获得了较好的图象重建质量。

Mesoporous zincum sulfide is synthesized by room-temperature method and hydrothermal technique, employing the surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, duodecimal alkyl sulfonic natrium and lauryl amine as templates. All kinds of technic parameters' influence to the synthesis has been systematically discussed, and the extracting of templates have been investigated.

本论文以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十二烷基磺酸钠及十二胺为模板，采用水热法和室温法合成了介孔硫化锌，系统探讨了各种工艺参数对合成材料结构特征的影响。

From the starting value selection method in the Fuzzy ISODATA algorithm, used the method of maximal matrix element to ascertain the number of classification, the theoretical analysis of repeated test, and finally, the improved fuzzy ISODATA algorithm is obtained. The algorithm reduced sensitivity to the starting value. The algorithm can highly effective clustering analyze and obtains a stable result, so it presents an efficient way of improving the contribution value of custom service.

研究中先对模糊ISODATA聚类演算法中，初始划分矩阵和分类数的确定，并使用最大矩阵元素法，求得最佳化演算法中其他参数值，最后在CRM系统实际验证和分析中，采用本研究改良之模糊ISODATA聚类演算法，对汽车销售公司实施客户模组分类，经实验证明所得到的聚类结果，可有效解决一般聚类方法受限於参数设定敏感度的困扰，并使聚类精确度提高，有效排除杂讯敏感的影响，使聚类效果大幅提升，可帮助行销人员做出预测，制订出针对客户差异化的行销策略，提高客户服务的贡献价值。

We present an inverse method based on Tikhonov regularization theory. A regularized functional is established and regularization parameters are deduced with Arcangeli criterion and Morozov discrepancy principle. The functional is solved by sensitivity coefficients and Newton-Raphson iteration method.

充分考虑非线性瞬态热传导过程测温数据的误差特点，根据Tikhonov正则化理论，构造合适的正则化泛函，利用Arcangeli准则和Morozov偏差原理确定正则参数，采用灵敏度系数和Newton-Raphson迭代法求解该泛函。

To investigate the pitting and metastable pitting rules of type 304 stainless steel, potentiodynamic polarization method was employed to study the behavior of metastable pitting and stable pitting on 304 stainless steel in sodium bromide solution and borate/phosphate buffered bromide solutions. The influence of the concentration of Br-、the pH value、the buffer capacity and general environmental factor to pitting potential and metastable pitting was studied as well.

为了更深入地了解304不锈钢的稳态及亚稳态孔蚀规律，本文采用动电位慢扫描法测得了304不锈钢的阳极极化曲线，研究了不锈钢在纯溴化钠溶液及含溴化钠的硼酸盐或磷酸盐缓冲溶液中的亚稳态孔蚀以及稳态孔蚀行为，分析了溴离子浓度、pH值、缓蚀性阴离子、以及缓冲容量和综合环境因子对孔蚀电位以及亚稳态孔蚀特征参数中的形核数目、峰值电流、生长寿命的影响。

Methods 30 patients with trichloroethylene medicamentous dermatitis and 30 normal persons were selected as the observation group and the control group respectively; color Doppler was used to detect the spleen thickness and longitudinal length, spleen vein and artery diameters, the maximum blood velocity and blood flow of spleen vein and artery; RIA was applied to determine the serum levels of HA, LN, PCⅢ, CⅣ and CG; relevant analysis was made on the linear relationship between serum indices of hepatic fibrosis and spleen hemodynamics of the two groups.

选择30例三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎患者作为观察组，30例同时期健康体检者作为对照组，用彩色多普勒超声仪，检测脾脏厚度及长径、脾动静脉直径、脾动静脉血流量和脾静脉最大流速SPV(下标 x。用放射免疫法检测肝纤维化指标透明质酸、层粘连蛋白、Ⅲ型前胶原、Ⅳ型胶原和甘胆酸的水平，并对观察组与对照组的脾血流动力学参数与肝纤维化指标进行相关分析。

The bath compositions of trivalent chrome black passivation for zinc-iron alloy coating were optimized by orthogonal test method.

采用正交试验法对锌-铁合金镀层三价铬黑色钝化工艺进行优化，并研究了工艺参数对钝化膜外观和耐蚀性等影响。

The bath compositions of trivalent chrome black passivation for zinc plating coating were optimized by orthogonal test method and the effects of operation conditions on the appearance and the corrosion resistance of the passivation film were investigated.

采用正交试验法对镀锌层三价铬黑色钝化工艺组分进行优化，研究了工艺参数对钝化膜外观和耐蚀性的影响。

The mixtures, blended with wheat bran and flour in different proportions, were extruding processed by a twin-screw extruder. The effects of screw speed, barrel temperature, flour content and feed moisture content on Water-Absorption Index of the products was investigated by response surface methodology, and a regression equation was built up.

以麦麸和面粉为原料，用SLG32-Ⅱ双螺杆挤压膨化机在不同的加工参数条件下对麦麸进行挤压处理，用响应面法研究了挤压参数，面粉添加量和物料水分含量对麦麸膨化产品吸水指数的影响规律，并建立了回归模型。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。