参数化

A general program using APDL(ANSYS parametric design language),which is applicable to arbitrary lining sections of the three-centered circular arch with different surrounding rock pressure distributions,was developed for the calc.

利用ANSYS的参数化高级设计语言，编制了适合任意三心圆拱衬砌断面和不同围岩压力分布形式的隧道衬砌内力和偏心距的通用计算程序。

The simulations of the design of the pressing surface, technological supplementing surface and drawing rib of the die and the forming process of the metal sheet part were realized with the commercialized software AutoForm, which changed the traditional method that needs frequent improvements in the die with a CAD software after finite element simulation.

改变了传统的在有限元模拟后依靠CAD软件进行频繁模具改进的方法，在有限元软件内部实现了模具的参数化设计，既缩短了模具设计时间，又提高了模具设计可靠性

Proposed a six-wheel lunar rover with the two-crank-slider suspension system by innovation. Its structure and working principle were introduced and its parameterized virtual prototype was built.

提出了一种六轮月球车双曲柄滑块联动悬架系统，对其结构和原理进行介绍，并建立了参数化的虚拟样机模型。

At last,two shoe last models with different parameters are given.

最后给出了参数化建模的两个结果的比较。

An approach to parametrically design shoe last based on personal compound foot model is proposed.

提出并实施了以人体足部复合模型为依据的鞋楦参数化建模方法。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

Support for all modern per-pixel lighting and rendering techniques including normal mapped, parameterized Phong lighting; virtual displacement mapping; light attenuation functions; pre-computed shadow masks; and pre-computed bump-granularity self-shadowing using spherical harmonic maps.

引擎本身还能支持现所有的像素光照和像素渲染技术，包括：法线贴图，参数化的Phong光照设置功能；位移贴图；灯光的衰减控制功能；预计算的阴影模板；使用了球形环境映射贴图所产生出的凹凸贴图效果。

A parametric self-dual gravitational theory is established.

建立一个参数化的自对偶引力理论。

The main aims of this disseration are to extend the complex self-dual grav-itational theory-the Ashtekar theory in four dimensional spacetime and este-bhsh a parametric self-dual gravitational theory in order to solve the problemof reality conditions in the Ashtekar theory.

本文的主要目的是推广四维时空的复自对偶引力理论-阿西特卡理论，建立一个参数化的自对偶引力理论，进而解决阿西特卡理论中面临的至关重要的实性条件问题。

Through the establishment of the parameter software, the customization and design speed can be improved, a lot of time for repeat plot is saved, a beneficial tool for the optimization of wheel rim is provided.

通过参数化软件的建立，提高产品的可定制性和设计速度，减少大量的重复的绘图工作，为钢圈的结构优化提供了有利的工具。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新